72 CONFERENCE ON MILK PROBLEMS 



interested in the public health, we must not, in considering this 

 great problem, forget the farmer. We must not forget the 

 difficulties under which milk is produced. Dr. E. C. Schroeder, 

 Superintendent of the Experiment Station of the Bureau of 

 Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture in Washing- 

 ton, will speak to us on "The Real Need for Pasteurization." 



DR. SCHROEDER spoke as follows: 



THE REAL NEED FOR PASTEURIZATION 



LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: After listening to the addresses 

 made by the preceding speakers, I realize that I have nothing 

 radically new to say to you, and consequently I hope I will 

 not draw too much upon your patience. 



The objectionable and dangerous character of impure milk 

 is due to any one, or to a combination of two or more, or to all 

 of several dissimilar conditions, each of which presents a dif- 

 ferent problem when its detection, and correction or counter- 

 action are taken into consideration. Hence, to illustrate the 

 truth of what seems to me to be an undeniable fact, namely, 

 that the pasteurization of milk is an expedient we are practic- 

 ally forced to adopt for the protection of the public health, 

 I will divide impure milk into four kinds and give each kind 

 a little attention. 



The four kinds are, 1 adulterated milk; , dirty milk; 3, 

 bacteria-laden milk ; and 4, infected milk. 



Adulterated milk is an article that has been fought with fair 

 success for a long time. As an adulteration, whether it is the 

 abstraction of the cream or the addition of water or other 

 substances, including preservatives, is always a wilful, con- 

 scious act of fraud, the punishment for adulterating milk 

 should be made so severe, and should be so rigidly enforced, 

 that no dishonest person with ordinary common sense would 

 care to expose himself to the danger of detection for the in- 

 creased profits which the use of adulterants might bring. 

 The detection of adulterants is a matter with which the chemi- 

 cal inspection of milk must deal. 



Dirty milk is another article for which no toleration should 

 be shown, especially when the amount of foreign matter it 

 contains is large enough, and this is not uncommon with mar- 



