118 CONFERENCE ON MILK PROBLEMS 



one time if he ever saw rickets developing from pasteurized 

 milk? "Oh, no," he said, "that is what we feed them. That 

 is what we give them pasteurized milk." It was putrid milk 

 that caused rickets. Milk that had been heated and allowed 

 to undergo putrefaction afterwards. 



A little bit of heat applied to milk won't hurt it. Suppose 

 it is heated a little bit. That is not very much when we con- 

 sider the great safety that we are getting by the destruction 

 of the putrefactive organisms. 



One of the best preventives for the growth of bac- 

 teria in milk is the keeping of the milk cold. That is just 

 as essential a matter in the production of good milk as any 

 other, and it is just as important. Just as important as the 

 heating of it, is the getting it cold immediately after it has 

 been pasteurized. Sometimes the bacteria are all killed, some- 

 times there are some left. Those that are left you can keep 

 quiescent for a great length of time by simply cooling the milk, 

 and keeping it so. I say, pasteurize it. I do not see any 

 other way. And when you consider the possibility of inspec- 

 tion, there isn't anything to do with public milk supplies other 

 than to pasteurize them. 



THE CHAIRMAN: I am sure we all appreciate Dr. Amyot's com- 

 ing here from Toronto, and I think it is most interesting, too, that 

 he, as health officer of Toronto, agrees so closely with the health 

 commissioner of New York as to the kinds of milk that can be 

 allowed with safety. 



I am very glad, indeed, that we have with us Dr. Anderson, 

 who has charge of the Hygienic Laboratory in Washington. He 

 has had much to do with standardizing our work. I know that in 

 many things in our laboratory I have to obey Dr. Anderson, be- 

 cause he has the power of preventing my giving out products, un- 

 less I carry out his standards. Sometimes I think they are a little 

 severe, but I must confess that when I talk over the matter with 

 him I always agree that they are correct. I am sure that he will 

 have something of benefit to tell us. Dr. Anderson. 



DR. ANDERSON spoke as follows: 



THE UTILITY OF LABORATORY MILK STANDARDS 



Laboratory standards for milk are of two kinds, (1) Sani- 

 tary, or bacteriological, to protect the public health by pre- 

 venting the use of disease-carrying milk, and () commercial, 



