126 CONFERENCE ON MILK PROBLEMS 



detect and exclude milk from diseased animals. Milk from 

 cows suffering from garget or mammitis contains streptococci, 

 or streptococci and pus, or a large amount of pus, and it is 

 easily possible, when milk containing these is found coming 

 from a certain dairy, by going back to the farm to find the re- 

 sponsible cow and so exclude her product. 



The examination of market milk for tubercle bacilli, while 

 not of great value in preventing the use of such infected milk, 

 is of value, when the results are made public, as a means of 

 educating the public, legislative bodies, and milk producers as 

 to the danger of using milk from diseased animals and to em- 

 phasize the importance of veterinary inspection. 



To recapitulate: Of the different standards now in use, 

 the chemical is of value in preventing the grosser forms of 

 adulteration and pollution but of slight sanitary significance. 



Existing bacteriologic standards are of value in showing 

 the care that has been taken of the milk, in detecting certain 

 pathogenic organisms that can be demonstrated by laboratory 

 methods, and also in checking the work of the inspectors. A 

 maximum bacterial standard is almost indispensable in the 

 control of pasteurized milk. To reveal the more important 

 and elusive of the infections, an efficient inspection service is 

 indispensable, and for this also certain standards are neces- 

 sary. Each of these means of investigation is of use in check- 

 ing the others. Even taken altogether and applied with the 

 utmost care, they sometimes allow infection to slip through 

 unnoticed, and every source of milk intended for public use 

 should be rigorously measured by each of the standards men- 

 tioned, new standards being devised and old ones modified or 

 discarded with each advance in knowledge. 



THE CHAIRMAN: I would like again to call your attention, as 

 Dr. Sedgwick did yesterday, to how most men working in these 

 lines of work are getting together. Really, we have almost not 

 enough difference of opinion to make it exciting. We are also 

 agreed on these methods. One thing that Dr. Anderson spoke of 

 will be interesting to New York especially, and that is the state- 

 ment that pasteurized milk especially should have a bacterial 

 standard. I think that within a very few months all of the milk 

 that is pasteurized will either be of one type or in two types, one 

 type approved of by the Health Department and under their 



