176 CONFERENCE ON MILK PROBLEMS 



Orleans ; Berkeley, Cal. ; Duluth, Minn. ; Toronto, Canada ; and 

 there are probably others. 



Bacteriological standards for raw milk are demanded of 

 course by all certified milk commissions. They are also de- 

 manded by Chicago, Milwaukee, and Boston, and are under 

 consideration by a large number of other cities and towns. 

 Pasteurization is made compulsory in Chicago for all milk 

 coming from cattle which have not successfully passed the tu- 

 berculin test. It was recommended by the Milk Commission 

 appointed by Mayor McClellan and by the District of Colum- 

 bia Milk Commission for milk produced in the same manner. 

 It is recommended as a sanitary measure by the majority of 

 sanitarians worthy of the name, who have investigated the 

 milk question, for all milk of a questionable character. 



If we turn now to the control exercised by our local depart- 

 ment over the milk supply of this city, we find that their ef- 

 forts have been limited chiefly to the inspection of dairies. 

 Since the states have not carried out dairy inspection, the city 

 has been compelled to do so. New York, in common with other 

 cities, has been compelled to extend the influence of its health 

 department far beyond its natural geographical limits. The 

 health inspectors of Boston and New York meet on common 

 ground in western Massachusetts ; the men of Albany, Syra- 

 cuse, Rochester and Buffalo meet the men of New York where 

 the milk sheds of those cities overlap. Dairy farmers exercise 

 their choice as to which market they will ship milk and that city 

 which passes the most rigid rules for the control of milk pro- 

 duction pays the penalty by the loss of a portion of its supply. 



The appropriation for milk inspection and the force of milk 

 inspectors at the disposition of our city Department of Health 

 has been insufficient. At least three times as many country 

 milk inspectors as we now have are necessary to properly in- 

 spect the 44,000 dairy farms supplying our milk. At least 

 twice as many city milk inspectors as we now have are neces- 

 sary to inspect the twelve thousand stores and milk shops lo- 

 cated in Greater New York; but if we assume that the activi- 

 ties of milk inspection have been expanded to their full limits, 

 I want to ask whether even then the consumers of milk in New 

 York City can receive proper protection against milk borne 

 infections ? 



