216 COTTON 



not consist wholly of clothing made from the fiber. Fertilizer, oil, 

 and feeds for animals are derived as by-products from the seeds and 

 represent a large part of the total value of the crop. 



Production of Oil and Cake. The seeds are composed of about 

 equal proportions by weight of hulls and kernels. After they have 

 been separated from the hulls, the kernels are heated and pressed. 

 Cottonseed oil and cottonseed cake are the products. A ton of 

 cotton seed will usually yield about 300 pounds of oil, 750 pounds of 

 cake and 800 pounds of hulls, the remaining 150 pounds representing 

 evaporation and waste materials. 



Cottonseed Meal. The cottonseed cake is usually ground into 

 cottonseed meal, although it may be used as feed without being 

 ground. Cottonseed meal is very valuable, either as feed or 

 fertilizer. 



Constituents of Cottonseed Meal. The following table will show 

 the richness of cottonseed meal in the principal feed and fertilizing 

 constituents : 



Average percentage contained 

 Principal feed constituents in cottonseed meal 



Protein 44 



Nitrogen-free extract 21 



Fat 14 



Fiber 5 



Principal fertilizing constituents 



Nitrogen 7 



Phosphoric acid 3 



Potash 2 



Use of Cottonseed Meal as Feed. Cottonseed meal is an excellent 

 concentrate with which to supplement the roughage fed to sheep and 

 dairy cattle, but it is little used as a feed for horses. It has a specific 

 toxic effect on hogs and when fed in quantity will cause their death 

 within periods of from five to seven weeks. Cottonseed meal is 

 probably injurious to most other young animals, particularly to 

 calves. 



Use of Cottonseed Meal as Fertilizer. The great value of cotton- 

 seed meal as a feed for dairy cattle has in recent years caused the 

 price of this material rapidly to advance. At present prices cotton- 

 seed meal, although an excellent nitrogenous fertilizer, will give 



