PROPAGATION OF PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS 43 



or two buds showing above ground. The soil must be 

 pressed firmly about them (Fig. 23). In the case of grape 

 cuttings one bud only is left projecting above the surface of 

 the soil. 



EXERCISE. Starting Slips at Home or at School. In a 

 shallow box of moist, clean 

 sand, plant a number of cut- 

 tings of several house-plants. 

 Keep the box in a warm room 

 and water the soil frequently. 

 These slips are made by 

 taking a few inches of the 

 healthy shoots and removing 

 a large portion of the older 

 leaves. For this exercise 

 many forms of winter house- 

 plants may be tried begonia, 

 carnation, geranium, fuchsia. After the slips have formed 

 roots in the sand, they may be transplanted to rich soil in 

 well-drained pots or boxes. 



FIG. 23. Cutting of red currants, 

 showing depth for planting, allowing on 

 or two buds to protrude. 



REVIEW. 



1. What are the two general plans by which plants naturally prop- 

 agate themselves? 



2. Name four forms of bud propagation used by nurserymen. . 



3. Describe the starting of stocks for the budding or grafting of 

 young apple trees. 



4. Tell when to take scions and how to store them for winter root- 

 grafting. 



5. When are root-grafts set out? and how? 



6. Describe the details of root-grafting. 



7. What is the cambium layer? Where is it? 



8. Tell how to make grafting wax and how to wax knitting cotton. 



9. What are used for stocks and for scions in the budding of young 

 apple trees? 



10. At what two times of year is apple budding done? 



11. Tell how peach and plum stocks are started. 



12. When are peach scions cut from the trees? When is the budding 

 usually done? 



13. What is the purpose of top- working old trees? 



14. How is this done? 



