290 PRODUCTIVE FARMING 



making its food value very high. It is valuable for cheese 

 making. The colors among Ayrshires are red, brown and 

 white, these colors often being mixed. The breed is much 

 more common in Quebec, Ontario, New England, and New 

 York than in other parts of the country. 



EXERCISE. Breeds of Cattle. The breeds of cattle that 

 are most used in any section are the ones that should be 

 studied most. The class may be taken to near-by places 

 for this purpose, or the animals may be brought to sheds 

 or barns nearer by for the purpose of class study (Fig. 173). 



EXERCISE. Beef and Dairy Types. It is important 

 that students learn well the beef and the dairy type. The 

 animals to be used for this purpose need not be pure in breed. 

 Type specimens may usually be found without difficulty and 

 should be brought to the school, or the class may go where 

 the animals are found. The following score cards should 

 be studied and used in the judging exercise. The names of 

 the parts are shown in Fig. 174. 



REVIEW. 



1. For what two purposes are cattle raised? What three classes 

 of breeds are used for these purposes ? 



2. Describe the beef form of animals. 



3. Name four beef breeds and tell what country each is from. 



4. Give the chief colors of each of the four beef breeds. Which 

 are hornless ? 



5. Name them in order of their relative size. 



6. Which one is used most on the Western grass plains? Why? 



7. Which is the most hardy and cold-loving ? 



8. Give some reasons for raising dual-purpose breeds. 



9. Why should special farmers not raise them ? 



10. Describe the dairy type of animal. 



11. Name four dairy breeds and give the special use of each. 



References. U. S. Farmers' Bulletins: 206, Milk Fever; 498, 569 

 and 639, 1057, Texas Fever; 612, 893 Breeds; 666, Foot-and-Mouth 

 Disease; 724, 743, 777, 812, 873, 1073, 1179, 1218, 1229, Feeding; 784, 

 790, 909, 954, 1017, 1018, 1069, Diseases; 949, Dehorning and Castra- 

 tion; 1066, Age; 993, Bull Associations; 1135, Beef Calf. Ark. Sta. 

 Bui. 96, 106, 136, on Diseases. Ark. Ext. Circ. 82, Beef Calf Clubs. 



