46 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Stomach records: Three species of birds, including ptarmigan and sharp- 

 tailed grouse; muskrat. Observations: Redpoll; cottontail rabbit; ignored by 

 deer in Massachusetts ; summer but not winter food of moose on Isle Royale ; 

 casually browsed by northern white-tailed deer. 



Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muhl. Seaside alder. 



Range: 25, 28. 



Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone, available October-November. 

 A large shrub to small or large tree; sometimes forms thickets. 



Alnus mollis, see Alnus crispa. 



Alnus oblongifolia Torr. Mexican alder. 



Range: 11, 14. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone. 

 A small to large tree ; usually occurs at higher elevations. 



Alnus occidentalis, see Alnus tenuifolia. 

 Alnus oregona, see Alnus rubra. 



Alnus rhombifolia Nutt White alder. 



Range : 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12. 

 Site: Moist, shade. 



Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone that remains until spring. 



A large tree, often thicket forming; wood rots quickly in soil and is of very 

 little value commercially. 

 Observations: Of slight importance as food for mule deer. 



Alnus rotundifolia, see Alnus glutinosa. 



Alnus rubra Bong. Bed alder. 



A. oregona Nutt. 



Range: 1, 2, 5, 6. 



Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 



Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone ; seeds shed in autumn, cones persistent. 



A large tree ; rapid growing, especially the first 10 to 15 years ; short-lived ; 



root system shallow, superficial ; wood of increasing value commercially ; 363,000 



seeds per pound, germination 40 percent; about 10,000 usable plants per pound 



of seed. 



Stomach records: Four species of birds; California mule deer. Observations: 

 Pine siskin. Fair browse for cattle and sheep. 



Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth alder. 



A. serrulata Willd. 



Range: 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone. 



A large, thicket-forming shrub with very thick foliage ; 400,000 seeds per 

 pound, about 40,000 usable plants per pound of seed. 



Observations: Four species of birds, including mourning dove; white-tailed 

 deer. 



Alnus serrulata, see Alnus rugosa. 



Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydb. Sitka alder. 



A, viridis ainuata Regel., A. sitchensis Sarg., A. fruticosa auths. not Rupr. 

 Range: 2, 4, 6, 7, 12. 

 Site: Moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Nutlet, borne in a cone. 



A small to large shrub, or northward a small to large tree. Considered fair 

 browse for sheep. 



Alnus sitcheasis, see Alnus sinuata. 



Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Mountain alder. 



A. occidentalis Dippel. 



Range : 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Nutlet, borne in a cone. 



