NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 47 



A large, thicket-forming shrub to small or large trees; about 10,000 usable 

 plants per pound of seed. 



Observations: Captive Columbian sharp- tailed grouse; of slight importance 

 for mule deer. A fair sheep browse of high palatability. 



Alnus vulgaris, see Alnus glutinosa. 

 Aloysia ligustrina, see Lippia ligustrina. 

 Arnarolea americana, see Osmanthus americana. 



Amelanchier spp. Serviceberries. 



Between 20-25 species are known, most of them occurring in North America ; 

 in slightly acid soil ; many are very closely related and often difficult to dis- 

 tinguish; very ornamental; generally irregular in time of ripening of the 

 berries; propagated by seeds sown as soon as ripe or in the spring after 

 stratifying 90 days at 32-50 F., or the stoloniferous types by suckers; seed- 

 lings should remain in seedbeds 3 to 4 years before planting in the field. All 

 are alternate hosts for the cedar apple fungus. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : 36 species of birds, includ- 

 ing ruffed grouse, dusky grouse, turkey ; composed 0.16 percent of vegetable 

 food of eastern skunk in Michigan; gray-tailed chipmunk, gray-necked chip- 

 munk, golden-mantled marmot, black-tailed deer, white-tailed deer; mountain 

 sheep. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Eighteen species of 

 birds, including mountain quail, dusky grouse, and prairie sharp-tailed grouse; 

 skunk; heavily browsed by moose; of first importance for red fox; golden- 

 mantled ground squirrel, Arizona chipmunk, Say chipmunk, Wasatch chip- 

 munk ; favorite food of pale chipmunk ; raccoon, black bear, cottontail rabbit, 

 pica, beaver ; an important food of white-tailed deer. 



Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Western serviceberry. 



A, oreophila Nels. 



Range : 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Pome, available July-September. 



A large shrub to small tree or rarely a large tree with a deep and spreading 

 root system ; blooms April-June ; very variable, and the complex of forms not 

 yet clear botanically. Among others, var. pallida (Greene) Jeps. (A. pallida 

 Greene), var. venulosa (Greene) Jeps. (A. venulosa, Greene), var. covillei 

 (Greene) Jeps. (A. covillei Standl.) and var. cuyamacensis Munz, have been 

 described. 



Stomach records: Six species of birds, including sooty grouse, Richardson's 

 grouse; plains white-tailed deer, Bitterroot valley chipmunk, black-tailed deer. 

 Observations: Mountain quail, captive Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, blue 

 grouse ; California mule deer. A forage species of the first rank ; younger 

 f oilage more palatable ; of great importance to stock on the range. 



Amelanchier amabilis Wieg. 



A. sanguinea grandiflora Rehd. 

 Range: 24, 26, 27. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Pome, available July-August. 



A small to large shrub, heretofore probably confused with A. sanguinea. 

 Probably a calciphile. 



Amelanchier bakeri Greene. 

 A. purpusii Koehne. 

 Range : 11, 13, 14. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Pome. 

 A small to large shrub ; flowers in May ; about 31,000 seeds per pound. 



Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch.) Roem. Bartram serviceberry. 



A. oligocarpa (Michx.) Roem. 

 Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Pome, available July-August. 

 A large shrub ; flowers in May. 



Amelanchier botryapium, see Amelanchier canadensis and A. oblongifolia. 

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