56 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



seriously attacked in cultivation by the lilac borer ; propagation is by seed sown 

 as soon as ripe or stratified and sown in spring, or by root cuttings. 



Stomach records: Turkey. Observations: Much eaten by birds; white-tailed 

 deer. 



Arbutus spp. Madrones. 



Propagation is by seeds sown under glass in fall or spring. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Mearn's quail. Observa- 

 tions (in addition to specific records) : Band-tailed pigeon. 



Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sarg. Arizona madrone. 



A. xalapensis arisonica Gray. 

 Range: 11, 14. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available July-December. 

 A large evergreen tree; flowers in May. Not grazed, except rarely by goats. 



Arbutus menziesii Pursh. Madrone. 



Range: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available July-January. 



A small to generally large and widely-branched tree ; flowers March-May ; 

 commonly shrubby southward; stump sprouts after injury; wood somewhat 

 used commercially; bark used for tanning; seeds 25-30 per berry; about 1,000 

 usable plants per pound of seed ; difficult to transplant ; very handsome and 

 commonly cultivated. 



Stomach records: Two species of birds. Observations: Five species of birds 

 including dove, band-tailed pigeons, and turkey ; extensively eaten by deer ; of 

 slight importance as browse for mule deer ; raccoon, ring-tailed cat. Lightly 

 grazed by cattle or heavily grazed by goats. A good bee plant. 



Arbutus texana Buckl. Texas madrone. 



A. xalapensis texana Gray. 

 Range : 11, 16, 17, 20. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry, available August-June. 



A large shrub or small tree or rarely a large tree ; evergreen ; often found on 

 limestone soil; wood used commercially to some extent; berries palatable. 

 Occasionally browsed by stock. 



Arbutus uva-ursi, See Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 



Arctostaphylos spp. Manzanitas. 



Ordinarily chaparral shrubs; many species hold the leaves vertically; most 

 reproduce extensively by root shoots ; propagated by seeds sown in spring after 

 stratification for 140 days at 41-50 F. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Seventeen species of birds, 

 including dusky grouse, California quail, sharp-tailed grouse ; gray fox, raccoon, 

 striped skunk, coyote, Inyo chipmunk, western skunk. Observations (in addi- 

 tion to specific records) : Seven species of birds including dusky grouse, band- 

 tailed pigeon, Merriam's turkey ; mountain sheep, New Mexico black bear, 

 Allen's chipmunk, golden-mantled ground squirrel, Oregon gray fox, ring-tailed 

 cat, California gray squirrel. Usually of small value as forage except for goats. 



Arctostaphylos andersonii Gray. Heartleaf manzanita. 



A. pechoensis Dudl., Uva-ursi pechoensis (Dudl.) Abrams, U. andersonii 

 (Gray) Abrams. 

 Range: 1, 5. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry, available January-September. 

 A large evergreen shrub ; does not crown sprout after fire. 



Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) Gray. 



A. veatchii Kell., Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. 

 Range: 5. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry. 

 A small, densely-branched evergreen shrub. 



