NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES Ql 



A high-climbing vine ; flowers May-June ; in Alabama has shown a tendency 

 to spread. 



Aronia spp. Chokeberries. 



Shrubs ; commonly occur in acid soil ; propagation by seed stratified 90 days 

 at 22^1 F. before sowing. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : 12 species of birds, 

 including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, 

 prairie chicken ; composed 1.0 percent of food of prairie chicken in Wisconsin. 

 Observations (in addition to specific records) : Eight species of birds including 

 ruffed grouse, bobwhite, sharp-tailed grouse ; an important pheasant food, 

 especially in late winter, in southern Michigan ; cottontail rabbit. 



Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell. Eed chokeberry. 



Pyrus arbutifolia L. f. 



Range : 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 



Fruit : Berry ; available August-October, persistent, especially south- 

 ward. 



A small to rarely large shrub ; flowers March-May ; somewhat subject to 

 blight and borer attack ; will withstand city smoke ; leaves fall very late ; 

 propagation by seeds stratified 90 days at 32^1 F. ; about 10,000 usable 

 plants per pound of seed ; probably introduced into region 23. 



Var. atropurpurea (Britt.) Robins., (A. atropurpurea Britt, A. fioribunda 

 Spach), the purple chokeberry, is often separated as a distinct species. Inter- 

 grading forms are common, field identification diflBcult, seeds in birds' stomachs 

 are indistinguishable, and there appears to be no ecological differentiation 

 between this and the species. Observations: Ruffed grouse, ring-necked 

 pheasant. 



Stomach records: 13 species of birds, including ruffed grouse. Observations: 

 Cedar waxwing; captive marsh rabbit. 



Aronia atropurpurea, see Aronia arbutifoJia. 

 Aronia floribunda, see Aronia arbutifolia. 



Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. Black chokeberry. 



Pyrus arbutifolia melanocarpa Michx., P. melanocarpa Willd., P. nigra 

 Sarg., A. nigra Sarg. 

 Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry, available August-September, often persistent until 



June-July. 



A small or rarely large shrub; flowers March-June; somewhat subject to 

 blight and borer attack ; has been observed to grow on cinder dumps where 

 fruit crops are often heavy. 



Stomach records: Ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, prairie chicken ; com- 

 posed 5.3 percent of fall food of sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin. Observa- 

 tions: Eaten to some extent by cottontail rabbit; white-tailed deer. 



Aronia nigra, see Aronia melanocarpa. 

 Arsenococcus frondosus, see Xolisma ligustrina. 

 Arsenococcus ligustrinxis, see Xolisma ligustrina. 



Artemisia spp. Sagebrushes. 



Most species harbor the burdock borer and common stalk borer. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Five species of birds, 

 including ruffed grouse and Gambel quail (these records apply to both her- 

 baceous and shrubby species) ; mountain sheep, antelope jack rabbit, gray-sided 

 jack rabbit, black-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific records) : 

 Hepburn's rosy finch ; used extensively by sage grouse for cover, roosting cover 

 and food, about 69 percent of their food consisting of composites, most of 

 which are species of sagebrush, which are eaten particularly in winter and 

 during times of scarcity of other foods ; western white-tailed jack rabbit, 

 Oregon jack rabbit ; pygmy rabbit, especially in winter when the diet may 

 be exclusively sagebrush; much eaten and furnishes cover and shelter to sage 

 chipmunk ; pronghorn antelope. Of great importance as forage for livestock. 



Artemisia abrotanoides, see Artemisia californica. 



