70 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Berberis spp. Barberries. 



Certain quarantines apply to the species here listed except B. thunbergii, 

 since they are secondary hosts for the black stem rust of grains. Although 

 species are individually characterized as immune or susceptible to the disease, 

 Federal quarantine officials should always be consulted before the species are 

 used, planted, or shipped. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Ten species of birds, includ- 

 ing ruffed grouse and ring-necked pheasant ; gray-sided jack rabbit. Observations 

 (in addition to specific records) : Six species of birds ; jack rabbit. 



Berberis aquifolium Pursh. (pi. 4, D). Oregon-grape. 



Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Odostemon aquifolius (Pursh) Rydb., 

 Odostemon nutkanus Rydb. 

 Range : 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry, available September-October. 



A small to large evergreen shrub with very thick foliage ; flowers April-May ; 

 several varieties in cultivation; fairly, but not completely, resistant to black 

 stem rust. 



Stomach records: Three species of birds, including ruffed grouse and dusky 

 grouse; mountain sheep. Observations: Rocky Mountain black-tailed deer. 



Berberis californicum Jeps. California hollygrape. 



Odostemon dictj/otus Abrams. 

 Range : 3, 4, 5, 10. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry. 



A small to large evergreen shrub ; slightly susceptible to black stem rust. 

 Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 



Berberis canadensis Pursh. American barberry. 



Range : 25, 27, 28. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry ; available in September, long persistent. 



A small to large, spiny shrub ; flowers in June ; occurs on limestone, sand- 

 stone, or acid soils; susceptible to black stem rust. 



Berberis fendleri Gray. Fendler barberry. 



Range : 11, 13, 14. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry, available in September. 



A small to large, spiny shrub ; flowers May-June ; susceptible to black stem 

 rust. 



Berberis fremontii Torr. Fremont hollygrape. 



Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde, Odostemon fremontii (Torr.) Abrams. 

 Range : 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available August-September. 



A small to large evergreen shrub ; flowers May-June ; often forms dense 

 clumps ; very tolerant of arid conditions of soil and atmosphere ; susceptible to 

 black stem rust ; seed germination 90 percent or less. 



Stomach records: Black-tailed deer. Observations: Mule deer, New Mexico 

 black bear. 



Berberis haematocarpa Woot. Bed hollygrape. 



Odostemon haematocarpus (Woot.) Heller, Mahonia haematocarpa Fedde. 

 Range : 10, 11, 14. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available in August. 



A small to large evergreen shrub; susceptible to black stem rust; about 

 103,000 seeds per pound. 



Observations: Numerous birds, including Gambel quail; mule deer. 



Berberis japonica, see Berberis thunbergii. 

 Berberis nana, see Berberis repens. 



