72 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



gradually ; branches root where they touch the ground ; not subject to black 

 stem rust and not under quarantine; berries soften over winter and become 

 more available to birds ; much cultivated, and many cultivated varieties known ; 

 25,000-28,000 seeds per pound, germination 80 percent, about 4,000 usable plants 

 per pound of seed. 



Stomach records: Ruffed grouse. Observations: Seven species of birds, includ- 

 ing ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse (of value during winter), and bob- 

 white; cottontail rabbit. 



Berberis trifoliolata Moric. Agarita. 



Odostemon trifoliolatus (Moric.) Heller, Malionia trifoliolata Fedde, 

 Range : 11, 16, 17, 20. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available April-May. 



A small to large evergreen shrub ; thicket forming ; occurs on gravelly and 

 other soils ; fruit edible ; susceptible to black stem rust. A good honey plant. 



Berberis vulgaris L. European barberry. 



Range: 22, 27. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry ; available August-September, persistent through the 



winter. 



A small to large shrub introduced from Europe but naturalized in the regions 

 indicated; much cultivated, and many varieties known; most susceptible of all 

 species to the black stem rust; being eradicated in some areas. 



Stomach records: Six species of birds, including ruffed grouse and bobwhite. 

 Observations: Ring-necked pheasant, mockingbird. 



Berberis wilcoxii Kearn. 



Odostemon wilcoxii (Keai-n.) Heller. 

 Range: 10, 11. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry. 

 A small shrub ; has not been tested for susceptibility to black stem rust. 



Berchemia scandens (Hill) Trel. Rattan vine. 



Range : 20, 25, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Drupe, available July-October. 



A vigorous, much-branched vine ; flowers March-June ; occurs in sandy and 

 other soils. 



Stomach records: 14 species of birds, including wood duck, mallard, bobwhite, 

 and turkey. Observations: Much eaten by migratory birds. 



Bernardia myricaefolia (Scheele) Wats. Myrtle croton. 



Tyria myricaefolia Scheele. 

 Range : 10, 11, 16, 17, 20. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 



A small to large shrub ; flowers in April ; will grow under extremely adverse 

 conditions. Eaten at times by very hungry stock. 



Berthelotia sericea, see Pluchea sericea. 



Betula spp. Birches. 



Trees or shrubs ; generally short-lived ; propagation is by seeds sown as soon 

 as ripe or stored dry and after stratification at 32-50 F., for 6 weeks, planted 

 in spring. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Twelve species of birds, 

 including gray and eastern ruffed grouse, ptarmigan, sharp-tailed grouse, and 

 woodcock ; composed 0.8 percent of entire fall food of prairie chickens in Wis- 

 consin, 0.73 percent of entire fall food of sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin, 46.9 

 percent of all winter food of northern sharp-tailed grouse in Ontario and 

 Quebec, 12.26 percent of winter food of ruffed grouse in New York, and 5.6 

 percent of winter food of ruffed grouse in the northeastern United States ; 

 northern white-tailed deer, plains white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition 

 to specific records) : Twenty-one species of birds, including spruce grouse, 

 ptarmigan, sharp-tailed grouse; staple winter food of greater prairie chicken, 

 pinnated grouse, and ruffed grouse; important food of snowshoe hare, porcu- 

 pine; an important food of beaver where Populns is lacking. The western 

 species are browsed fairly well by livestock. 



