130 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Franseria eriocentra Gray. Woolly bur-sage. 



Gaertneria eriocentra Kuntze. 

 Range: 9, 10. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Bur. 

 A small, rigid, spreading shrub ; usually occurs on sandy soil. 



Franseria ilicifolia Gray. Hollyleaf bur-sage. 



Gaertneria ilicifolia Kuntze. 

 Range: 10. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Bur. 



A small, rigid, much-branched, evergreen shrub ; usually occurs on sand ; 

 leaves somewhat spiny. 



4 



Fraxinus spp. Ash. 



All species usually occur on neutral soil ; propagation is by seed stratified 

 at 32-50 F. for 30 to 90 days and sown in spring, or sown directly in the 

 fall although seeds sometime remain dormant until the second year; rapid 

 growing when young ; usually easily transplanted. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Seven species of birds, 

 including bobwhite; white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific 

 records): Five species of birds; an important food of white-tailed deer in 

 Massachusetts ; porcupine ; a reserve food and building material for beaver. 

 Important source of pollen for bees. 



Fraxinus americana L. White ash. 



Range : 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Samara, available October-November. 



A large tree; occurs on many kinds of soil; flowers April-June; root sys- 

 tem fibrous, deep ; rapid growing ; much attacked by borers ; not extensively 

 damaged by fungi ; much cultivated ; wood of great importance commercially ; 

 6,000 seeds per pound, germination of seed 40 percent, about 1,500 usable plants 

 per pound of seed. 



Var. microcarpa Gray is a shrub ordinarily growing in drier situations and 

 bearing smaller fruit. 



Observations: Purple finch, pine grosbeak; cottontail rabbit, porcupine, white- 

 tailed deer. 



Fraxinus anomala Wats. Dwarf ash. 



Range : 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Samara. 



A large shrub to small tree ; 22,000 seeds per pound, about 5,000 usable plants 

 per pound of seed. Provides at least poor and sometimes fair to fairly good 

 browse for goats, sheep, and cattle. 



Fraxinus attenuata, see Fraxinus velutina. 



Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. Mexican ash. 



Range : 11, 16, 17, 20, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Samara, available in May. 

 A large dioecious tree. 



Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle. Biltmore white ash. 



Range: 22, 25, 27, 28, 29. . 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Samara. 



A large dioecious tree ; flowers April-May ; very similar to F. americana but 

 more hairy. 

 Fraxinus californica, see Fraxinus oregona. 



Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. Water ash. 



F. caroliniana rehderiana Sarg., F. platycarpa Michx. 

 Range : 28, 29, 30. 



Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Samara. , 



A large dioecious tree ; flowers March-April. 



