148 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Juniperus horizontals Moench. (pi. 17, A). 

 Range : 12, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available all year round. 



A small evergreen shrub ; occurs on sandy and other soils ; forms dense mats. 

 Stomach records: Sharp-tailed grouse; this and J. communis composed 1.6 per- 

 cent of winter food of northern sharp-tailed grouse in Quebec and Ontario. 

 Observations: Sparingly browsed by moose, northern white- tailed deer. 



Juniperus knightii, see Juniperus utahensis. 



Juniperus lucayana Britt. Southern red cedar. 



J. barbadensis L., Sabina barbadensis (L.) Small. 

 Range: 29, 30. 

 Site: Moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry, available all year round. 



A small to large, usually dioecious, evergreen tree ; root system shallow ; slow 

 growing, long-lived ; wood very durable, much used commercially ; in cultivation. 



Juniperus megalocarpa Sudw. Big-berry juniper. 



J. utahensis megalocarpa Sudw. 

 Range : 9, 11, 14. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry, ripe September-October of the second season. 

 A large, dioecious, evergreen tree ; occurs in sandy, loam, gravel, and other 

 soils ; slow growing, long-lived. 



Juniperus mexicana Spreng. Mountain cedar. 



J. sabinoides (H. B. K.) Nees, Sabina sabinoid.es Small. 

 Range : 11, 16, 17, 20. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available September of the first season. 



A small to large evergreen tree ; occurs on sandy and other poor soils, often 

 limestone ; wood very durable, much used locally. 



J. ashei Buch., occurring along the White River in the Ozarks, in northwestern 

 Arkansas, and southwestern Missouri, as well as in the Arbuckle Mountains of 

 Oklahoma, has been said to be the same species as J. mexicana. There still seems 

 to be considerable doubt whether the two are synonymous. The large break in 

 the distribution of the two forms and the fact that J. ashei has been little studied 

 make it impossible to state with definiteness whether the two forms are distinct 

 or not. 



Both forms are claimed to be resistant to the cedar apple rust ; both fork near 

 the base, thus possessing several boles. The fruits of J. ashei are much fleshier 

 and twice as large as J. virginiana. J. ashei was in the fall of 1936 found to be 

 much eaten by many songbirds, "more notably robins. These birds succeeded in 

 stripping almost the entire crop of seeds produced by these species throughout 

 the Ozarks. 



Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. (pi. 17, B, C). Cherrystone juniper. 

 J. mexicana monosperma Cory, J. occidentals monosperma Engelm., Sabma 

 monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb. 

 Range : 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Berry; available in September; persistent all year. 

 A large shrub to small tree ; evergreen ; dioecious, rapid growing for a juniper, 

 long-lived ; wood of value and much used locally for posts and fuel ; usually 

 several trunked. 



Stomach records: Four species of birds. Observations: Four species of song- 

 birds, Gambel quail ; coyote, fox, raccoon, rock squirrel ; extensively eaten by 

 Hopi chipmunk ; deer. Browsed to some extent by goats. 



Juniperus occidentalis Hook. (pi. 18, A). Western juniper. 



Sabina occidentalis (Hook) Ant. 

 Range : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 

 Site : Dry well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry ; available September of the second season ; persistent all 



year round. 



A small to large, dioecious, evergreen tree ; slow growing and very long-lived ; 

 apparently unable to exist in close formation ; grows on extremely sterile granite 

 or gravels ; regenerative powers remarkable. 



