NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Observations: Pinyon jay, Townsend solitaire; of slight importance as browse 

 for mule deer. 



Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. Alligator juniper. 



J. mexicana pachyphloea Torr., Sabina pachyphloea (Torr.) Lewis. 

 Range: 11, 14, 17. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available September-December. 



A small to large, dioecious, evergreen tree; seasoned wood durable, used 

 locally ; slow growing, long-lived ; fruit matures slowly and remains in good 

 condition either on or off the tree for a considerable period. 



Observations: Wild turkey; New Mexico black bear, Couch rock squirrel; 

 extensively eaten by gray fox ; deer ; considered of first importance as food 

 for big game in New Mexico. Eaten by all classes of livestock. 



Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Red-berry juniper. 



Sabina pinchotii (Sudw.) Lewis. 

 Range: 11, 16, 20. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available all year round. 



A large shrub to small or large tree ; evergreen ; coppices freely when cut ; 

 wood durable but soft; very local. 



Juniperus sabinoides, see Juniperus mexicana. 



Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (pi. 18, B). Rocky Mountain red cedar. 



Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Lewis. 



Range : 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Berry; ripening the second season, available all year round. 

 A large shrub to small or large tree ; evergreen ; dioecious, slow growing, 

 long-lived; 20,000-30,000 seeds per pound. 



Stomach records: Townsend's solitaire; bighorn. 

 Juniperus sibirica, see Juniperus communis. 



Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. Utah juniper. 



J. californica utahensis Engelm., J. Jcniffhtii Nels., Sabina utahensis 

 (Engelm.) Rydb. 

 Range: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry ; available in September, persistent all year. 

 A small to large, evergreen tree; 6,000-7,000 seeds per pound. 

 Stomach records: Avocet; Utah cliff chipmunk, black-tailed deer. Observa- 

 tions: Deer. Eaten to some extent by goats. 



Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern red cedar. 



Sabina virgiwana, (L.) Antoine. 



Range : 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit : Berry ; available September-November, persistent all year round. 

 A large evergreen tree; at first deep rooted, but root system becomes more 

 shallow with age ; thrives in many kinds of soil, including limestone, dolomitic, 

 and rarely granitic and siliceous soils ; slow growing and long-lived ; easily 

 killed by fire ; attacked by fungi ; wood very durable, much used commercially ; 

 18,000-30,000 seeds per pound, germination ordinarily 35-70 percent; from 

 berries frozen in ice 21 days, seeds germinate in 35 days to 56 percent ; resists 

 grazing well ; very drought resistant ; notable secondary host to cedar apple 

 rust ; some 30 varieties distinguished in cultivation. 



Stomach records: Twenty-nine species of birds including bobwhite; oppossum. 

 Observations: Fifty-two species of birds including bobwhite, prairie sharp- 

 tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, and mourning dove ; cottontail rabbit, moose. 



Kalmia sp. 



Observations (in addition to specific records) : Ruffed grouse. 



Kalmia angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved laurel. 



Range : 24, 26, 27, 28, 29. 



Site. Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 



Fruit: Capsule. 



A small evergreen shrub ; usually occurs on acid soil ; flowers June-July. 

 Stomach records: Ruffed grouse. Poisonous to sheep and cattle. 



