152 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Lantana lippioides, see Lippia geminata. 



Lantana macropoda Torr. 

 Range : 11, 17, 20. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Drupe. 

 A small shrub. 



Lantana velutina, see Lantana involucrata. 



Larix spp. Larches. 



Dioecious, deciduous trees, nine of which are known, three occurring in North 

 America ; propagation is by seed sown in spring. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Three species of birds, in- 

 cluding ruffed grouse; plains white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to 

 specific records): Five species of birds, including Franklin grouse; Olympic 

 black bear ; rarely cut for building material, not food, by beaver. 



Larix americana, see Larix laricina. 



Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Tamarack. 



L. americana Michx. 



Range : 22, 23, 24, 26, 27. 



Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit : Cone ; mature the autumn of the first season, seeds shed during 



fall and winter, cones persistent 1 or 2 years longer. 



A large tree ; root system shallow and spreading on wet sites, deeper on drier 

 sites ; rapid growing until 35 to 45 years old, then slower on ordinary sites, or 

 on poor sites generally slow growing; intolerant of shade; not fire resistant; 

 susceptible to the attacks of the larch sawfly ; very old trees produce less seed 

 and irregularly ; 90,000 seeds per pound ; wood hard, of importance commercially ; 

 quite intolerant of drier soils. 



Stomach records: Four species of birds, including ruffed grouse and northern 

 sharp-tailed grouse. Observations: Eight species of birds, including spruce 

 grouse, northern sharp-tailed grouse, emergency food of prairie sharp-tailed 

 grouse ; snowshoe hare, porcupine, red squirrel ; casually browsed by northern 

 white-tailed deer. 



Larix lyallii Parl. Alpine larch. 



Range: 4, 12. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; ripens in August of the first season ; seeds shed at once, 



cones soon falling. 



A large, long-lived tree ; wood hard, tough, heavy, somewhat used commer- 

 cially. 

 Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. 



Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western larch. 



Range: 4, 12. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone; mature in August-September of the first season; seeds 



soon shed, cones soon falling. 



A large tree ; rapid growing only in juvenile stages ; long-lived ; grows best in 

 well-drained soils ; intolerant of shade, especially on dry soils ; resistant to fire 

 after the pole stage ; generally free from insects and diseases ; wood very heavy, 

 very durable, and of value commercially ; prolific seeder in good years, but 

 sterile periods often occur for 1 or 2 seasons ; has not been successful as an 

 ornamental in the East; 100,000-150,000 seeds per pound, germination 19-30 

 percent. 



Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. 



Larrea, see Covillea. 



Lasiococcus dumosus, see Gaylussacia dumosa. 



Lasiococcus mosieri, see Gaylussacia dumosa. 



Laurocerasus caroliniana, see Prunus caroliniana. 



Laurus albida, see Sassafras albidum. 



Lauris geniculata, see Glabraria geniculata. 



