NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Stomach records: Twelve species of birds, including bobwhite and wild 

 turkey. Observations: Thirteen species of birds, including bobwhite; ranks 

 sixteenth in the list of quail food plants of the southeast ; captive marsh 

 rabbits, eastern chipmunk, gray squirrel. 



Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tuliptree. 



Range : 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Samara, available September-November. 



A large tree ; occurs on a variety of soils ; flowers May-June ; root system 

 deep, wide spreading; not easily transplanted when young; rapid growing 

 when young, later slower ; comparatively long-lived ; seriously injured by fire ; 

 free from insects and diseases ; coppices freely ; wood durable, of importance 

 commercially; a pioneer in gullies, often forming thickets in rapidly gullying 

 ravines ; 12,000-14,000 seeds per pound, germination 2-12 percent, slow. 



Stomach records: Four species of birds, including bobwhite; white-tailed 

 deer. Observations: Three species of birds; cottontail rabbit, white-tailed deer, 

 red squirrel. 



Lithocarpns densiflora (Hook. andArn.) Rehd. Tan oak. 



Pasania densiflora Orst, Quercus densiflora Hook, and Arn. 

 Range : 1, 4. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Nut, mature at the end of the second season. 



A large evergreen tree ; slow growing ; free from insects and fungi ; wind- 

 firm ; much damaged by fire ; stump sprouts abundantly after injury ; very 

 aggressive ; of great importance commercially for tannage ; second season after 

 the bark is stripped a heavy crop of acorns is produced, the tree then dies. 

 Var. echinoides Jeps. is a shrubbier form in region 4. 



Observations: Redwood chipmunk; of slight importance as browse for mule 

 deer. Usually avoided by livestock. 



Litsea geniculata, see Glabraria geniculata. 



Lonicera spp. Honeysuckles. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Fourteen species of birds, 

 including bobwhite, Gambel quail, sharp-tailed grouse, and ring-necked pheas- 

 ant; Mono chipmunk, Coeur d'Alene chipmunk, buff-bellied chipmunk. Obser- 

 vations (in addition to specific records) : Six species of birds; moose. Most 

 species are generally unpalatable to stock, although sometimes browsed. 



Lonicera albiflora Torr. and Gray. 

 L. dumosa Gray. 



Range: 11, 14, 16, 17, 20. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry, available October-November. 

 A small to large, bushy shrub, or occasionally somewhat climbing. 



Lonicera altissima, see Lonicera oblongifolia. 



Lonicera arizonica Rehd. Arizona honeysuckle. 



Range: 11, 14. 

 Site : Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry. 

 A vine. 



Lonicera caerulea, see Lonicera cauriana and L. villosa. 



Lonicera canadensis Marsh. American fly-honeysuckle. 



L. ciliata Muhl., Xylosteon ciliatum (Muhl.) Pursh. 

 Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site : Moist, shade. 



Fruit: Berry, available June-September. 

 A small, straggling shrub ; flowers April-May. 

 Observations: White-tailed deer. 



Lonicera caprifolium L. Sweet honeysuckle 



Range : 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 



Site: Well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available August-September. 



A twining vine, or occasionally somewhat shrubby ; introduced from Europe 

 but more or less established in regions indicated; flowers May-June. 



