NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Parosela spinosa (Gray) Heller. Smoketree. 



Dalea spinosa Gray, Psorodendron spinosum (Gray) Rydb. 

 Range: 10. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit : Legume. 



A large shrub to small tree ; flowers January-July ; leaves few, early decidu- 

 ous; very spiny; fruit produced rarely, very showy in flower. Not eaten by 

 livestock. 



Parosela thyrsiflora (Gray) Vail. 



P. soralea humilis Mill., Dalea thyrsiflora Gray. 

 Range: 11, 17. 

 Site : Dry, sun. 

 Fruit : Legume. 

 A small shrub. 



Parosela wheeleri, see Parosela fremontii. 



Parryella fllifolia Torr. and Gray. 

 Range: 11. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit : One-seeded legume. 

 A small, much-branched shrub ; grows in sandy soil. 



Parthenium incanum H. B. K. Mariola. 



P. ramosissimum DC. 

 Range: 11, 17. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Achene. 



A small shrub ; furnishes a small amount of rubber. New shoots and flower 

 heads sometimes nibbled by livestock. 



Parthenium ramosissimum, see Parthenium incanum. 



Parthenocissus spp. 



Observations (in addition to specific records) : Frequently eaten by red fox; 

 much eaten by raccoon in New York. 



Parthenocissus heptaphylla (Buckl.) Small. 



P. texana Rehder, Ampelopsis heptaphylla Buckl., Psedera heptaphylla 

 (Buckl.) Greene. 

 Range: 16, 17, 20. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry. 



A high-climbing vine ; occurs on rocky or sandy soil ; propagated by cuttings ; 

 easily transplanted. 



Parthenocissus hirsuta, see Parthenocissus quinquefolia. 

 Parthenocissus laciniata, see Parthenocissus vitacea. 



Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, (pi. 25, A). Virginia creeper. 



Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene, Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx. 



Range : 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry available August-February. 



A high-climbing or trailing vine ; occurs in sand, loam, clay, and other soils ; 

 claimed to remain on fence posts not following the wires when planted along 

 fences ; has been used as a cover on rocky roadsides ; resists grazing well ; 

 12,000-19,000 seeds per pound. 



Var. hirsuta (Donn.) Rehder (P. hirsuta (Donn.) Small), is more hairy 

 than the species. 



Stomach records: Thirty-eight species of birds including ruffed grouse, bob- 

 white, wild turkey, ring-necked pheasant, and greater prairie chicken; skunk. 

 Observations: Eleven species of birds, including ruffed grouse, ring-necked 

 pheasant, wild turkey ; white-tailed deer, eastern chipmunk. . 



Parthenocissus texana, see Parthenocissus heptaphylla. 



Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr.) Hitchc. Virginia creeper. 



P. laciniata Small, Psedera vitacea Greene. 



Range: 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25,. 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry, available August-October. 



