184 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Physocarpus monogynus (Torr. ) Coult. 



P. torreyi Maxim., Opulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. 

 Range : 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 

 Site : Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Follicle. 

 A small shrub ; flowers May-July. 



Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. Ninebark. 



P. australis (Rydb.) Rehd., P. michiganensis Daniels, Spiraea opuUfolia L., 

 Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, 0. pauciflorus (Torr. and Gray) 

 Heller, Neillia opuUfolia Brew, and Wats. 

 Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Follicle, available September-October. 

 A large shrub ; flowers June- July ; 1,600,000 seeds per pound. 

 Var. intermedius (Rydb.) Robins., (P. intermedium Schneid., 0. intermedius 

 Rydb., P. missouriensis Daniels) occurs also in regions 15, 16, 18, and 19. 

 Stomach records: Three species of birds 



Physocarpus pauciflorus see Physocarpus malvaceus. 



Physocarpus stellatus (Rydb.) Rehd. 



Opulaster stellatus Rydb., Opulaster alabamensis Rydb., Opulaster inter- 

 medius Small, not Rydb. 

 Range : 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Follicle. 

 A small to large shrub ; flowers May- June. 



Physocarpus torreyi, see Physocarpus monogynus. 



Picea spp. Spruces. 



Evergreen, monoecious trees with cones maturing in a single season ; important 

 timber trees and unsurpassed as producers of paper pulp. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Twenty-eight species of 

 birds, including ruffed grouse, Hungarian partridge, ring-necked pheasant ; porcu- 

 pine, black-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Fifteen 

 species of birds, including spruce, ruffed, Franklin, and dusky grouse ; much 

 eaten by Cascade squirrel ; Sierra chickaree, Richardson's squirrel, Townsend's 

 chipmunk, Allen's chipmunk, Digger squirrel, Fremont pine squirrel, spruce 

 squirrel, Olympic black bear, Arizona porcupine ; rarely cut for building material, 

 not food, by beaver. 



Picea alba, see Picea australis and P. canadensis. 



Picea albertiana Brown. Western white spruce. 



P. gl-auca albertiana (Brown) Rehd. 

 Range: 4, 12, 15 (Black Hills). 

 Site : Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone. 

 A large evergreen tree. 



Picea amabilis, see Abies amabilis. 



Picea australis Small. Southern spruce. 



P. alba Chapm. 

 Range: 27. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone. 

 A large evergreen tree. 



Picea breweriana Wats. Weeping spruce. 



Range: 4. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 



Fruit: Cone; ripe in early fall, seed shed September-October, cones 

 soon falling. 



A large evergreen tree ; slow growing ; wood of no importance commercially ; 

 has proven unsatisfactory in cultivation ; very local in distribution ; good seed 

 years every 2 or 3 years. 



