NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 187 



rel, rock squirrel, Fremont squirrel, many flying squirrels; Texas plains coyote, 

 New Mexico black bear, Olympic black bear. 



The five-needled pines are variously restricted by plant-quarantine measures, 

 and movement or planting of stock should be preceded by conferences with 

 State and/or Federal authorities. Certain species, because of their suscepti- 

 bility to Woodgate rust, are prohibited from interstate movement in the State of 

 New York. 



Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Whitebark pine. 



Apinus albicaulis (Engelm.) Rydb. 

 Range: 1, 4, 12, 13. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Cone ; matures in August-September of the second season, per- 

 sistently closed ; seeds only liberated through the rotting of the 

 cones. 



A large shrub to small or large tree ; leaves five ; often dwarfed and prostrate, 

 especially in alpine situations ; more tolerant of shade in moist than in dry 

 situations; susceptible to blister rust; wood soft and brittle; 2,800 seeds per 

 pound, germination 20 percent. 



Observations: Clark's crow; porcupine, bighorn, red squirrel; seeds commonly 

 extracted by squirrels and birds from the cones. 



Pinus apacheca Lemmon. Apache pine. 



Range: 11, 14. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone; available September-October of the second season, soon 



falling. 



A large evergreen tree ; leaves commonly three in a cluster ; taproot well 

 developed in seedling stages ; at first rapid growing, later slower ; intolerant 

 of shade except when very young ; wood hard. 



Observations: Seeds much eaten by birds and rodents. 



Pinus aristata Engelm. Bristlecone pine. 



Range : 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed Sep- 

 tember-October. 



A large evergreen tree ; five-needled ; often stunted at high elevations ; with- 

 stands prolonged drought in its native habitat ; wood not used commercially ; 

 susceptible to blister rust ; 16,000 seeds per pound, 0.88 pound of seed per 

 bushel of cones ; germination of seed 66 percent. 

 Observations: Seeds much eaten by rodents; porcupine. 



Pinus arizonica Engelm. Arizona pine. 



P. ponderosa arizonica Shaw. 

 Range : 11, 14. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone mature August-September of the second season, seeds soon 



shed, cones soon falling. 



A large evergreen tree ; commonly five-needled ; intolerant of shade except in 

 seedling stages ; wood of limited use commercially. 



Pinus attenuata Lemmon. Kuobcone pine. 



P. tuberculata Gord. 

 Range : 4, 10. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; mature in September of the second season, persistent, 



closed as long as 30 years, opening when heated. 



A small to large evergreen tree; three-needled; very resistant to drought in 

 its native habitats ; easily killed by fire ; intolerant of shade ; wood soft ; seeds 

 produced annually abundantly ; seed vitality persistent. 



Pinus australis Michx. Longleaf pine. 



P. palustris Mill., in part. 

 Range : 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; seeds shed October-November of the second season, cones 



soon falling. 



A large evergreen tree ; three-needled ; often occurs in sandy soil ; possesses a 

 massive taproot; very intolerant of shade; does not form dense woods; fairly 



