188 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



resistant to fire; susceptible to bark beetle damage as well as rot; difficult to 

 transplant ; a timber tree of the first importance, the principal source of rosin 

 and turpentine in the United States. 



Stomach records: Seven species of birds, including bobwhite. Observations: 

 Crossbill ; much eaten by Carolina fox squirrel and other squirrels. 



Pinus balfouriana Murr. Foxtail pine. 



Range : 4. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed in 



September, cones soon falling. 



A small to large evergreen tree ; five-needled ; endures extreme drought in 

 its native habitat ; intolerant of shade ; wood soft, of little importance commer- 

 cially ; susceptible to blister rust 



Observations: Porcupine; much eaten by birds and rodents; of slight impor- 

 tance as browse for mule deer. 



Pinus banksiana Lam. Jack pine. 



P. divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont. 

 Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist (rare), sun. 



Fruit : Cone ; mature in September of the second season, seeds shed 

 irregularly over several years ; cones persistent 12 to 25 years. 

 A large evergreen tree ; two-needled ; often occurs in sandy or rocky soil ; at 

 first rapid growing, later slower ; intolerant of shade ; except for the attacks 

 of Peridermium cerebrum, generally free from most conifer diseases ; has been 

 successfully established in the sand-hill section of western Nebraska ; wood de- 

 cays rapidly in the soil, much used commercially ; 105,000-164,000 seeds per 

 pound, germination 54 percent. 



Stomach records: One species of bird. Observations: Porcupine. 



Pinus brachyptera Engelm. Rocky mountain yellow pine. 



P. ponderosa scopulorum Engelm., P. scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon. 

 Range : 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed in 



September, cones soon falling. 



A very large evergreen tree ; three-needled ; forms a long taproot in seedling 

 stages but laterals form later ; grows on almost any kind of soil ; rapid growing 

 especially in juvenile stages ; very intolerant of shade ; resistant to fire ; suscep- 

 tible to red rot in pure stands and much attacked by insects ; wood not durable 

 in the soil, of great importance commercially ; 10,000-20,000 seeds per pound, 

 germination 37-61 percent, about 5,000 usable plants per pound of seed. 



Stomach records: Richardson's grouse, mountain sheep, plains white-tailed 

 deer, black-tailed deer. Observations: Five species of birds ; white-tailed squir- 

 rel, Richardson's pine squirrel, Abert's squirrel, tassel-eared squirrel, spruce 

 squirrel, Say's ground squirrel, chestnut-mantled ground squirrel. Records of 

 utilization of P. ponderosa Douglas may apply partially to this species. 



Pinus caribaea Morel. Slash pine. 



P. heterophylla (Ell.) Sudw. 

 Range : 30, 31, 32. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Cone; mature in October, seeds shed the following spring. 

 A large evergreen tree ; two- to three-needled ; occurs in sandy and other soils ; 

 rapid growing ; subject to red heart or red rot especially northward ; wood hard, 

 strong, tough, durable, of value commercially ; susceptible to Woodgate rust ; 

 15,500 seeds per pound, germination 36-85 percent. 



Pinus cembroides Zucc. Mexican pinon. 



Range : 11, 14, 16, 17. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; ripe in September, seeds shed by October, cones soon 



falling. 



A small or rarely large, bushy, evergreen tree ; commonly three-needled ; slow 

 growing ; intolerant of shade ; wood used for fuel ; only the scales in the middle 

 of the cone bear seeds ; 1,500 seeds per pound, vitality transient. 

 Observations: Thick-billed parrot; birds and rodents. 



