NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Pinus chihuahuana, see Pinus leiophylla. 



Pinus clausa (Engelm.) Vasey. Sand pine. 



Range: 30. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Cone ; persistent, closed for 3 or 4 years. 



A large evergreen tree ; occurs commonly on poor sandy scil ; wood of some 

 importance locally for lumber ; 74,000 seeds per pound. 



Pinus contorta Loud. Shore pine. 



Range: 1. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone; mature August-September of the second season; seeds 



shed at once or over a period of years ; cones long, persistent. 

 A large shrub to commonly a small, or rarely, a large tree ; two-needled ; 

 commonly occurs on sandy soil ; close to the sea often forms dense, impenetrable 

 thickets; 40,000-280,000 seeds per pound. Var. bolanderi Vasey is a canelike 

 dwarf 2 to 5 feet high, with very small cones. 

 Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 



Pinus coulteri Don. Coulter pine. 



Range : 4. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; mature in August of the second season ; seeds shed from 



October onward ; cones persistent 5 or 6 years. 



A large evergreen tree ; three-needled ; slow growing ; wood rarely used except 

 for fuel ; 1,250 seeds per pound ; vitality transient. 



Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 



Pinus divaricata, see Pinus banksiana. 



Pinus echinata Mill. Shortleaf pine. 



P. mitis Michx. 



Range : 20, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Cone; mature in September of the second season; persistent 2 



or more years after ripening. 



A large evergreen tree; commonly two-needled; occurs in sandy and other 

 soils ; forms a long taproot as a seedling and additional strong laterals later ; 

 grows poorly on lime or too rich soils ; crowded out by loblolly pine on moist 

 soils ; growth rate at first rapid, later slower ; fairly free from fungus and insect 

 pests ; fairly resistant to fire ; stump sprouts but sprouts seldom develop mer- 

 chantable trees ; wood hard, resinous, much used commercially ; 41,000-84,000 

 seeds per pound ; germination 30-90 percent. 

 Stomach records: Three species of birds. Observations: Pine siskin, crossbill. 



Pinus edulis Engelm. Pinon. 



P. cembroides edulis Voss., Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small. 

 Range : 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Cone ; mature August-September ; seeds shed September-October, 



cones soon falling. 



A small to large evergreen tree; two- or sometimes three-needled; very re- 

 sistant to drought in its natural habitat ; very slow growing ; wood soft, decaying 

 rapidly ; locally used for fuel and fence posts ; 1,700 seeds per pound. 



Stomach records: Nine species of birds, including Mearn's quail. Observa- 

 tions: Seven species 8 of birds, including Merriam turkey, 6 thick-billed parrot; 

 porcupine, Hopi chipmunk, 5 Magdalena chipmunk, 6 cliff chipmunk, 6 rock squirrel, 5 

 New Mexico black bear, antelope ground squirrel, 6 mule deer ; e much eaten by 

 birds and mammals. Seeds eaten by livestock, especially goats. 



Pinus flexilis James. limber pine. 



Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb. 

 Range : 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Cone; mature in September, seeds shed by the end of October, 

 cones soon falling. 



e These records may refer to other species of pifion pines as well, since the animals were 

 stated merely to be eating pifion nuts. 



