MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



grouse; composed 12.46 percent of winter food of eastern ruffed grouse in 

 New York, and 8.8 percent of winter food for the entire northeastern United 

 States; mountain sheep. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Twelve 

 species of birds including spruce grouse, Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, staple 

 winter food of prairie sharp-tailed grouse ; staple food of greater prairie 

 chicken, northern sharp-tailed grouse, pinnated, gray, and ruffed grouse; im- 

 portant food of white-tailed deer ; preferred food of snowshoe hare ; porcu- 

 pine ; important food of Pacific coast beaver ; Sonora deer, moose ; cottontail 

 rabbit ; broad-tailed beaver ; staple food of mule deer ; favorite food of beavers, 

 few other trees being cut where these are present. A chief source of propolis. 

 Nearly all western species are palatable to livestock. 



Populus acuminata Rydb. lanceleaf cottonwood. 



Range: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A large tree ; commonly occurs in sandy or rocky soils ; wood used locally. 



Populus alba L. White poplar. 



Range : 6, 8, 9, 11, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Capsule. 



A large tree ; introduced from Eurasia and more or less naturalized in the 

 regions indicated ; much attacked by scale and canker in Indiana ; many varie- 

 ties in cultivation. 



Populus angulata, see Populus sargentii. 



Populus angustifolia James. Narrowleaf cottonwood. 



Range: 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (Black Hills). 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A large, rapid-growing tree; wood used locally. 



Populus arizonica Sarg. Arizona cottonwood. 



P. mexicana of Amer. auths., not Westm. 

 Range : 10, 11, 14. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 



A large, rapid-growing, short-lived tree ; wood much used locally. 

 Observations: Beaver. 



Populus aurea, see Populus tremuloides. 



Populus balsamifera L. Balsam poplar. 



P. tacamahaca Mill., P. candicans Michx. 



Range : 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Capsule, available May-June. 



A large tree ; commonly occurs in any wet soil ; root system deep, spreading ; 

 rapid growing, somewhat short-lived ; wood used commercially ; vitality of seeds 

 transient; germination percentage of seeds low. The much planted Carolina 

 poplar is believed to be a hybrid between this and P. nigra L. 

 Stomach records: Stone caribou. Observations: Ruffed grouse. 



Populus besseyana Dode. 

 Range : 8, 12, 15. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A large tree. 



Populus candicans, see Populus balsamifera. 

 Populus cercidiphylla, see Populus tremuloides. 



Populus deltoides Marsh. Eastern cottonwood. 



P. virginiana Fourq. 



Range : 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Well-drained moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Capsule available May-June. 



A large tree ; commonly occurs in rich soil ; root system shallow, wide- 

 spreading ; appears to thrive in any moist soil ; very rapid growing, short- 



