244 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Sabina pachyphloea, see Juniperus pachyphloea. 

 Sabina pinchotii, see Juniperus pinchotii. 

 Sabina sabinoides, see Juniperus mexicana. 

 Sabina scopulorum, see Juniperus scopulorum. 

 Sabina utahensis, see Juniperus utahensis. 

 Sabina virginiana, see Juniperus virginiana. 

 Saccharodendron barbatum, see Acer saccharum. 

 Saccharodendron floridanum, see Acer floridanum. 

 Saccharodendron leucoderme, see Acer leucoderme. 

 Saccharodendron nigrum, see Acer nigrum. 



Sageretia minntiflora (Michx.) Trel. Buckthorn. 



Range: 29, 30. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 



Fruit: Drupe. 



A small or large, trailing or straggling shrub, or occasionally a vine; spines- 

 cent ; flowers April-May ; commonly occurs on calcareous soil. 



Sageretia wrightii Wats. 



Range: 10, 11. 



Site : Dry, sun. 



Fruit: Drupe. 



A small to large, spiny shrub. Without forage value for livestock as far as 

 known. 



Salazaria mexicana Torr. Bladder-sage. 



Range: 9, 10. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Nutlet. 

 A small or rarely a large shrub ; intricately branched and spinescent. 



Salix spp. Willows. 



The willows are generally rapid growing ; tolerant of moisture ; adaptable 

 to a great variety of soils and situations; gregarious because of the ease with 

 which they grow from suckers and their vitality and free formation of shoots 

 and seeds ; most willows commonly produce root shoots and shoot roots ; 

 generally intolerant of shade and hence usually replaced by other trees in 

 forests ; relatively short-lived ; seed vitality transient ; often much wind- 

 damaged ; many of the species are very difficult of separation. 



Attention should be called to the willow scab. This disease, caused by the 

 attacks of two fungi (Fusicladium saliciperdium and Physalospora miyabeana), 

 occurs through most of New England and in New York and Pennsylvania. It 

 has recently been found in the mountains of North Carolina. Willows of the 

 Salix alba, S. nigra, and S. cordata types seem most susceptible. In the sus- 

 ceptible region at least, willows used for extensive planting should be grown 

 from cuttings taken from resistant trees. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Twenty-three species of 

 birds, including ptarmigan, ruffed grouse, dusky grouse, California quail, sharp- 

 tailed grouse, and Richardson's grouse ; composed 3.9 percent of winter food 

 of northern sharp-tailed grouse in Ontario and Quebec ; mountain sheep, moose, 

 northern white-tailed deer, brush rabbit, grizzly, plains white-tailed deer, black- 

 tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Thirteen species of 

 birds, mostly upland game birds, as ptarmigan, ruffed grouse, Gambel quail, 

 sharp-tailed grouse ; willow, rock and white-tailed ptarmigan ; staple winter 

 food of prairie sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin; emergency food of greater 

 prairie chicken in Wisconsin and Iowa ; somewhat eaten by muskrats in times 

 of scarcity ; much eaten by beaver ; much eaten in the spring by rock squirrels 

 in the Southeast ; principal food of golden beaver ; important food of snowshoe 

 rabbits in northern Minnesota ; Olympic wapiti ; important food of moose ; 

 porcupine, Columbian black-tailed deer ; important food of Pacific coast beaver, 

 Shasta beaver and brown mountain beaver ; Rocky Mountain snowshoe rabbit, 

 broad-tailed beaver, Rio Grande beaver, bighorn. 



The majority of species have value as browse for livestock. 



