NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 257 



Sambucus microbotrys Rydb. Btmchberry elder. 



Range: 9, 13, 14, 15 (Black Hills). 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry, available July-September. 

 A small shrub or rarely a large shrub ; flowers May-July. 

 Stomach records: Richardson's grouse. Observations: Dusky grouse. Ex- 

 tensively browsed in summer, even more in the fall, by livestock. 



Sambucus neomexicana, see Sambucus caerulea. 



Sambucus pubens Michx. Red elder. 



/S. racemosa of auths., not L. 



Range: 15 (Black Hills), 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 



Fruit: Berry, available June-November, sometimes persistent until 



January. 



A large shrub; flowers April-May; 48,300 seeds per pound. Records of 

 this species on the West Coast probably refer to /S. callicarpa (q. v.). 



Stomach records: Twenty-three species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bob- 

 white, and ring-necked pheasant Observation*: Moose, red squirrel, white-tailed 

 deer. 



Sambucus racemosa, see Sambucus pubens. 



Sambucus simpsonii Rehd. Southern elder. 



Range : 29, 30, 31. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry. 

 A large shrub to small tree ; flowers throughout the year ; forma vast thickets. 



Sambucus velutina, see Sambucus caerulea. 



Sambucus vestita, see Sambucus caerulea. 



Sanviniona assurgentiflora, see Lavatera assurgentifolia. 



Sapindus drummondii Hook, and Arn. Western soapberry. 



Range : 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 25, 29, 30. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry ; available September-October, commonly persistent until 



spring. 



A large shrub or small to large tree with dense foliage ; flowers May-June ; 

 occurs on clay, limestone and other soils; wood used* to some extent commer- 

 cially ; 1,500-1,700 seeds per pound ; contains large quantities of saponin, a 

 severe poison which is objectionable to the taste. Not browsed by livestock. 



Sapindus manatensis, see Sapindus marginatus. 



Sapindus marginatus Willd. Florida soapberry. 



S. manatensis Radek. 

 Range: 29, 30. 



Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry ; available in October. 

 A small to large tree ; flowers in May ; commonly occurs i* sand. 



Sapium biloculare (Wats.) Pax. 



S. bilocularis amplum Johnst., Sebastiania bilocularis Wats. 

 Range : 10. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A large shrub to small tree ; a fish poison ; produces jumping beans. 



Sarcobatus baileyi Cov. 

 Range: 10. 

 Site : Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Achene. 

 A small shrub. 



Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. Greasewood. 



Range : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15. 



Site: Dry, sun. 



Fruit: Achene. 



A small to large, spiny shrub ; occurs in alkaline soil, withstanding a hydrogen- 

 ion concentration to pH 8.0. 



