NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 263 



house red spider mite. For this reason tlie species should be used with con- 

 siderable caution. 



Stomach records: Eight species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, 

 and ring-necked pheasant ; composed 0.3 percent of total annual food, and 3.9 

 percent of fruit food of ring-necked pheasant in Michigan. Observations: Red- 

 eyed vireo ; an important food of pheasants in southern Michigan ; black duck, 

 white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit 



Sophora affinis Torr. and Gray. Coralbean. 



Range : 10, 16, 20, 25, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Legume ; available September-October, persistent through the 



winter. 



A large shrub to small tree ; flowers in June ; occurs in limestone and other 

 soils. 



Sophora arizonica Wats. 

 Range : 10, 11. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Legume, available in May. 

 A large, handsome, shrub ; flowers in March. 



Sophora secundiflora (Cav.) DC. Frigolito. 



Broussonetia secundiflora Orteg. 

 Range: 11, 16, 17, 20, 30. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Legume, available in September. 



A large shrub, or rarely a small to large tree ; evergreen ; often occurs on 

 limestone soil ; seeds contain sophorin and are extremely poisonous ; thicket 

 forming ; propagation is by seeds sown at once ; growth of seedlings very slow. 

 Poisonous to livestock as well as human beings. 



Sophora tomentosa L. 



Range: 17, 32. 



Site: Well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Legume. 



A small to large, evergreen shrub ; flowers the year round ; commonly occurs 

 in sandy soils. 



Sorbus spp. Mountain-ashes. 



Propagation of all species is by seeds stratified 90 days at 32~41 F. and sown 

 in spring. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Nine species of birds, in- 

 cluding ruffed, sooty, and sharp- tailed grouse. Observations (in addition to 

 specific records) : Eleven species of birds, including ruffed grouse, ring-necked 

 pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse ; a favorite food of moose. 



Sorbus americana Marsh. American mountain-ash. 



Pyrus americana (Marsh) DC., P. sambucifolia of auths., not Cham, and 

 Schlecht. 



Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit : Pome, available August-March. 



A small to large tree ; flowers May-June ; fruit commonly bearing very few 

 seeds ; very susceptible to San Jos6 scale ; 83,000-100,000 seeds per pound. 



Var. decora (Schneid.) Sarg. (Pyrus sitchensis of Gray's Man., not Piper, 

 S. decora Schneid.), occurs in regions 24 and 27. 



Stomach records: Eight species of birds including ruffed grouse, ptarmigan, 

 and sharp-tailed grouse ; composed 17.9 percent of winter food of sharp-tailed 

 grouse in Ontario and Quebec. Observations: Thirteen species of birds; pre- 

 ferred winter food of ruffed grouse in Wisconsin ; blue grouse ; fruits claimed 

 preferred by birds to that of S. aucuparia when the two species are available 

 together ; white-tailed deer ; of importance as browse for moose ; much eaten by 

 fisher ; a staple food of marten. 



Sorbus angustifolia, see Sorbus sitchensis. 



Sorbus aucuparia L. European mountain-ash. 



Range : 21, 22, 27. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Pome, available August-September. 



