268 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake, (pi. 41, A). Snowberry. 



S. racemosus Michx., S. mollis Nutt., S. acutus (Gray) Howell, S. albus 

 mollis (Nutt.) Keck. 



Range : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 



26, 27, 28. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry, available year round. 



A small, thicket-forming shrub ; flowers June-September ; occurs on limestone 

 and other soils; declined branches root; killed by excessive grazing; 72,000- 

 95,000 seeds per pound. 



Var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake, is taller, has larger leaves, larger clusters of 

 fruit, and larger fruit than the species. It occurs with.in the range of the 

 species. Var. pauciflorus Blake, (8. pauciflorus Britt), is a dwarf occurring 

 within the range of the species. 



Stomach records: Nineteen species of birds, including ruffed grouse, Cali- 

 fornia quail, ring-necked pheasant, Hungarian partridge, sharp-tailed grouse, 

 and Richardson's grouse; plains white-tailed deer. Observations: Hungarian 

 partridge, sharp-tailed grouse, prairie sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, 

 bobwhite; of slight importance as browse for mule deer. A very important 

 browse for livestock. 



Symphoricarpos fragrans, see Symphoricarpos longiflorus. 

 Symphoricarpos glabratus, see Symphoricarpos oreophilus. 

 Symphoricarpos glau'cus, see Symphoricarpos rotundifolius. 



Symphoricarpos longiflorus Gray. 

 S. fragrans Nels. 



Range : 9, 10, 11, 13. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry. 

 A small shrub, with somewhat declining branches. 



Symphoricarpos mollis, see Symphoricarpos albus. 



Symphoricarpos occidentals Hook. Wolfberry. 



Range: 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available September-January. 



A small shrub; flowers June-July; commonly reproduces by rootstocks; very 

 similar to S. albus, but generally stouter. 



Stomach records: Five species of birds, including greater prairie chicken. 

 Observations: Five species of birds; a fairly important food of ring-necked 

 pheasant. An important and nonpoisonous browse for livestock. A good honey 

 plant. 



Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. Coralberry. 



S. vulgaris Michx., #. Symphoricarpos (L.) MacM. 

 Range : 18, 20, 21, 22, 23$ 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry, available September-June. 



A small shrub, or very rarely, a large shrub ; flowers in July ; thicket forming 

 by means of stolons which are freely produced; grows on coal-stripped land in 

 Illinois ; has demonstrated great adaptability to rigorous conditions and high 

 value for erosion control of the most barren and sterile soils in the Piedmont ; 

 has been effectively used as living check dams and water spreaders ; commonly 

 bears fruit soon after planting; often weedy in pastures; 407,000 seeds per 

 pound. 



Stomach records: Nine species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, 

 sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, greater prairie chicken, and wild 

 turkey. Observations: Ring-necked pheasant, white-tailed deer. 

 Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray. Mountain snowberry. 



S. rotundifolius oreophilus Jones, S. glabratus Eastw., . parishii Rydb. 

 Range: 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Berry, available August-September. 



A small, stoloniferous shrub ; flowers June-July ; root system fibrous, gener- 

 alized; often trailing or with procumbent branches. 



Stomach records: Black-tailed deer. Observations: Wasatch chipmunk, deer. 

 A valuable forage for livestock. 



