NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 281 



Stomach records: Ruffed grouse (?). Observations: Listed with V. parvi- 

 folium as second in importance as browse for Olympic wapiti in Washington; 

 California mule deer ; an important food of Roosevelt elk. 



Vaccinium oxycoccus L. Small cranberry. 



Oxycoccus palustris Pers., O. oxycoccus (L.) MacBr. 

 Range: 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site: Moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available August-September, often persistent. 

 A low, creeping, evergeen vine, occurring only in peat; flowers May-July. 

 Var. intermedium Gray occurs in regions 1, 2, and 12. 



Stomach records: Coeur d'Alene chipmunk. Observations: Prairie sharp- 

 tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant. 



Vaccinium pallidum, see Vaccinium corymbosum. 



Vaccinium parvifolium Smith, (pi. 41, C). Tall red huckleberry. 



Range : 1, 2, 4, 12. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry, available June-September. 

 A small to large shrub. 



Observations: Sooty grouse; listed with V. ovatum as second in importance 

 as browse for Olympic wapiti in Washington ; an important food of Roosevelt 

 elk. Locally of value as browse for sheep and occasionally cattle. 



Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, see Vaccinium angustifolium. 



Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg. Grouseberry. 



V. erythrococcum Rydb., V. microphyllum Rydb. 

 Range: 4, 12, 13, 14, 15 (Black Hills). 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry, available July-September. 

 A small shrub. 

 Observations: An important food of wildlife. Inferior browse for livestock. 



Vaccinium simulatum Small. 



Cyanococcus simulatus Small, 

 Range: 27. 



Site : Well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Berry. 



A small to large shrub. 



Vaccinium stamineum L. Deerberry. 



Polycodium stamineum (L.) Greene. 

 Range : 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry; available July-September, soon dropping. 

 A small, profusely-branched shrub ; somewhat thicket forming. 

 Stomach records: Ruffed grouse; gray fox. Observations: Eight species of 

 birds, including bobwhite and ruffed grouse ; white-tailed deer. 



Vaccinium tenellum, see Vaccinium virgatum. 



Vaccinium uliginosum L. Bog bilberry. 



Range : 1, 4, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Berry, available July-September. 

 A small shrub ; flowers June-July. 



Stomach records: Spruce grouse, ptarmigan, Harris' sparrow; mountain 

 sheep. Observations: Three species of birds. 



Vaccinium vacillans Kalm. Dryland blueberry. 



Cyanococcus vacillans (Kalm.) Rydb. 

 Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 

 Fruit : Berry, available July-September. 



A small, loosely-branched shrub; flowers May-June; occurs in sandy and, 

 other soils. 



Stomach records: Gray fox. Observations: Ruffed grouse; preferred food of 

 wild turkey; cottontail rabbit, white-tailed deer. 



