NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 285 



Viburnum trllobum Marsh, (pi. 43). Highbush cranberry. 



V. opulus americanum of amer. auths., not Mill. 



Range: 4, 12, 15 (Black Hills), 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 



Fruit : Drupe ; available September-October, often persistent until May. 

 A large shrub ; flowers June-July ; 16,000 seeds per pound. 

 Stomach records: Three species of birds, including ruffed grouse and sharp- 

 tailed grouse. Observations: Six species of birds, including Canada ruffed 

 grouse and ring-necked pheasant. Without significance as browse for live- 

 stock. 



Viburnum venosum Britt. Veiny viburnum. 



V. venosum caribyi Rehd. 

 Range: 27. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Drupe. 

 Usually a small shrub, rarely a large shrub; flowers June-July. 



Viguiera deltoidea Gray. 



Range: 5, 9, 10. 



Site : Dry, sun. 



Fruit: Achene. 



A small, much-branched shrub represented in the United States by var. 

 parishii (Greene). Browse value for livestock limited. 



Viguiera parishii, see Viguierai deltoidea. 



Viguiera reticulata Wats. 

 Range: 10. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Achene. 

 A small, loosely branched shrub with limited browse value for livestock. 



Viguiera stenoloba Blake. 



Oymnolomia tenuifolia Benth. and Hook., Heliomeris tenuifolia Gray. 

 Range: 11, 16, 17. 

 Site: Dry, sun. 

 Fruit: Achene. 

 A small, much-branched shrub with limited value. as browse for livestock. 



Viorna addisonii, see Clematis addisonii. 

 Viorna arizonica, see Clematis arizonica. 

 Viorna bigelovii, see Clematis bigelovii. 

 Viorna coccinea, see Clematis texensis. 

 Viorna crispa, see Clematis crispa. 

 Viorna filifera, see Clematis pitcheri. 

 Viorna gattingeri, see Clematis gattingeri. 

 Viorna obliqua, see Clematis obliqua. 

 Viorna pitcheri, see Clematis pitcheri. 

 Viorna reticulata, see Clematis reticulata. 

 Viorna versicolor, see Clematis versicolor. 

 Viorna viorna, see Clematis viorna. 



Vitis spp. Grapes. 



The species vary greatly in many characters including resistance to disease ; 

 species native to high arid regions where the air is too dry to permit growth 

 of mildews and rots are attacked quickly when transplanted to low, moist cli- 

 mates ; species growing in Phylloxera-free regions are usually much attacked 

 when transplanted to regions infested with the pest ; the species are nearly 

 dioecious, but staminate flowers are often borne on pistillate vines ; propagated 

 by stratified seed or soft or hardwood cuttings. 



Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Eighty -two species of 

 birds, including ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, bobwhite, California quail, 

 wild turkey, ring-necked pheasant, and mourning dove ; western skunk, striped 

 skunk, gray fox, red squirrel, raccoon, eastern skunk, opossum; composed 2.36 



