286 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



percent of fruit food of eastern skunk in Michigan. Observations (in addition 

 to specific records) : Forty-five species of birds, including Gambel quail, band- 

 tailed pigeon, ruffed grouse ; ranks seventeenth on the list of quail food plants 

 of the Southeast ; ring-necked pheasant, Hungarian partridge, pinnated grouse ; 

 heavily browsed by white-tailed deer ; important food of raccoon, gray fox, 

 red fox, coyote, cottontail rabbit, skunk, rock squirrel. 



Vitis acerifolia, see Vitis longii. 



Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer grape. 



Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available August-September, often persistent. 

 A vigorous, high-climbing vine ; flowers May-June ; grows on sand, clay, 

 loam, and other soils, but does best on warm, gravelly, well-drained ones ; 

 roots large, hard, penetrating ; fairly resistant to cold and drought ; resistant 

 to mildew and rot, about 75 percent to Phylloxera; has given rise to numerous 

 cultivated forms ; about 50 percent of cuttings root. 



Stomach records: Eight species of birds, including ruffed grouse and bob- 

 white. Observations: Cardinal, cowbird; a greatly preferred food of wild 

 turkey ; white-tailed deer. 



Vitis andersonii, see Vitis vulpina. 



Vitis argentifolia Muns. Blueleaf grape. 



V. aestivalis bicolor Deam, V. Ucolor LeConte, V. caerulea Munson, V. 

 lecontiana House. 



Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit.: Berry, available September-October, often persistent. 

 A vigorous, high-climbing vine ; flowers May-June ; resistant to very low 

 temperatures ; somewhat attacked by mildew ; grows in sand, sandy clay, and 

 other soils ; resistant to cold and drought ; roots hard, fibrous, large ; about 40 

 percent of cuttings root although propagation by cuttings is often difficult ; 

 fruit borne prolifically. 



Stomach records: Ruffed grouse. 



Vitis arizonica Engelm. Canyon grape. 



Range : 9, 10, 11, 16, 17. 



Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry; available July-August, often persistent until October. 

 A weak, much-branched vine or small to large shrub with abortive tendrils ; 

 scarcely climbing ; endures cold and drought, well ; where grown with excessive 

 moisture commonly attacked by mildew and rots; grows better in sandy than 

 heavy soils ; easily grown from cuttings ; apparently formerly cultivated by the 

 Pueblo Indians. 



Observations: Eaten by numerous birds including Gambel, scaled, and Mearns 

 quail ; prized food of skunks, foxes, coyotes, bears ; much eaten by captive deer. 



Vitis austrina, see Vitis simpsonii. 



Vitis baileyana Muns. Possum grape. 



V. virginiana Muns., not Poir. 



Range : 25, 27, 28, 29. 



Site: Well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry, available August-September. 



A slender, climbing, much-branched vine; roots fleshy, sparingly branched, 

 not deep-penetrating; fairly resistant to Phylloxera; commonly occurs on cal- 

 cerous soils. 

 Vitis berlandieri Planch. Winter grape. 



Range : 11, 17, 20, 30. 



Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available August-October. 



A stocky vine; high climbing in favorable situations; commonly occurs on 

 limestone soils ; roots hard, little-branched, penetrating deeply ; resistant to 

 black rot and Phylloxera; susceptible to mildew; long-lived; will endure cold 

 and drought; commonly occurs on calcareous soil; seed germination slow; 

 about 40 percent of cuttings root. 

 Vitis bicolor, see Vitis argentifolia. 

 Vitis boulderensis, see Vitis vulpina. 



