NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 287 



Vitis caerulea, see Vitis argentifolia. 



Vitis californica Benth. California grape. 



Range : 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11. 

 Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit : Berry, available July-August, commonly persistent. 

 A vigorous, high-climbing or trailing vine, or frequently a shrub ; roots soft ; 

 very susceptible to downy mildew ; more or less resistant to Phylloxera; very 

 resistant to fire. 



Stomach records: Robin, valley quail. Observations: Mountain quail. 



Vitis candicans Engelm. Mustang grape. 



Range : 11, 16, 17, 20, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Berry; available June-August, often persistent until well into 



winter. 



A vigorous, climbing vine; roots vigorous, tender, penetrating more deeply 

 than any other species of grape ; endures great drought and heat ; free from 

 disease ; long-lived ; foliage thick ; difficult to grow from cuttings ; about 75 

 percent resistant to Phylloxera ; commonly occurs on limestone soil although 

 thriving in nearly any soil ; seedlings at first feeble, later very vigorous. 



Var. coriacea Bailey has smaller and more edible fruit and occurs within the 

 range of the species. 



Vitis caribaea, see Vitis sola. 



Vitis champinii Planch. Champin grape. 



Range: 11, 16, 17, 20, 25. 



Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 



Fruit : Berry ; available June-August, commonly persistent. 

 A robust, climbing vine ; roots deep-penetrating, large, much-branched ; often 

 occurs on limestone soil but will grow on a variety of soils; about 60-percent 

 resistant to Phylloxera ; resistant to Anaheim disease ; resistant to cold and 

 drought ; staminate vines commonly fewer in its native habitats than the 

 pistillate ones; 80 percent of cuttings root; often forms dense thickets. Has 

 been considered a possible hybrid between V. rupestris or V. berlandieri, and 

 V. candicans. 

 Vitis cinerea Engelm. Sweet winter grape. 



Range : 11, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 29, 30. 



Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 



Fruit : Berry ; available August-November, long persistent. 

 A vigorous, high-climbing vine ; flowers May-June ; commonly occurs on deep, 

 rich, riverbank soils ; roots large, fleshy, deep-penetrating, scarcely fibrous ; very 

 long-lived, resistant to great extremes of drought and moisture; free from 

 disease ; 75 percent resistant to Phylloxera; resistant to cold ; about 25 percent 

 of cuttings root ; often difficult to reproduce by cuttings. 



Vitis cordifolia Michx. Frost grape. 



Range : 17, 20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available August-October, often persistent 

 A large, vigorous, high climbing vine ; flowers May-June ; roots strong, hard, 

 fairly deep-penetrating; nearly completely resistant to Phylloxera; resistant to 

 mildew, rot, and drought ; very resistant to cold ; cuttings grow with difficulty, 

 approximately 25 percent being successful ; occurs on calcareous, sandy, and 

 other soils. Var. sempervirens Muns., occurring within the range of the species, 

 has more persistent foliage, is more sensitive to cold, and has fruit which ripens 

 later than that of the species. 



Stomach records: Twenty-eight species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bob- 

 white, and wild turkey. Observations: Cardinal, gray-cheeked thrush. 



Vitis doaniana Muns. Doan grape. 



Range: 16, 19, 20. 



Site : Well-drained, sun. 



Fruit: Berry, available July-October, persistent. 



A rapid-growing, vigorous vine, remaining bushy if failing to find support; 

 commonly occurs on sandy, calcareous soils ; roots fibrous, hard, spreading, and 

 penetrating; resistant to drought, cold, and disease; 60 percent resistant to 

 Phylloxera; 60 percent of cuttings take. 



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