NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 291 



Wisteria macrostachya Torr. and Gray. Kentucky wisteria. 



Kraunhia macrostachya (Torr. and Gray) Small. 

 Range : 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 



Fruit: Legume; available in October, often persistent until March. 

 A robust and vigorous vine ; flowers May-July. 



Wisteria speciosa, see Wisteria, frutescens. 

 Xanthorhiza apiifolia, see Xanthorhiza simplicissima. 



Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. Yellowroot. 



X. apiifolia L'Her. 



Range : 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Follicle. 



A small creeping and rooting shrub ; flowers April-May ; free from insects 

 and diseases ; may form a dense ground cover. 



Xanthoxylum spp. 

 Observations (in addition to specific records) : Extensively used by kingbird. 



Xanthoxylum americanum Mill. Northern prickly-ash. 



Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30. 

 Site: Dry (rare), well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Follicle. 



A large shrub to small tree ; flowers April-May ; spiny. 



Stomach records: Red-eyed vireo, bobwhite. Observations: Important food 

 of pheasants in southern Michigan ; cottontail rabbit ; eastern chipmunk. 



Xanthoxylum clava-herculis L. Hercules-club. 



Fagara clava-herculis (L.) Small. 

 Range : 20, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 

 Fruit: Follicle, available May-June. 

 A large shrub to small tree ; thorny ; occurs in sandy or gravelly soils. 



Xanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Wild lime. 



X. pterota H. B. K., Schinus fagara L., Fagara ptej-ota L., F. fagara Small. 

 Range: 11, 17, 32. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit : Follicle, available March-September. 



A large shrub to large tree ; evergreen, thorny, and dioecious ; shrubby west- 

 ward. 



Observations: Cottontail rabbit. 



Xanthoxylum texanum, see Amyris texana. 

 Xerocassia armata, see Cassia armata. 



Xolisma ferruginea (Walt.) Heller. 

 Lyonia rigida Nutt. 

 Range: 29, 30. 

 Site: Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 



A large shrub to small tree, or very rarely a large tree; evergreen; widely- 

 branched; occurs in sandy and other soils; flowers February-April. 



Xolisma f oliosiflora, see Xolisma, ligustrma. 



Xolisma fruticosa (Michx.) Nash. 

 Lyonia ferruginea Nutt. 

 Range : 29, 30. 

 Site : Well-drained, sun. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A small to large evergreen shrub. 



Xolisma ligu'strina (L.) Britt. Maleberry. 



Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC., Arsenococcus ligustrinus (L.) Small, Andromeda 

 ligustrina Muhl. 

 Range: 27, 28, 29, 30. 

 Site: Moist, sun, shade. 

 Fruit: Capsule. 

 A large shrub ; flowers May-July. 



