762 INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE 



regretted, that these exceedingly valuable re- 

 ports have not yet embraced Scotland and Ire- 

 land. Nor do they represent as they ought, the 

 whole number of living individuals who have ar- 

 rived at 100 years of age and upwards. 



But it is stated by Dr. Copland in a note to 

 Richerand's Physiology, that according to authen- 

 tic returns, the ratio of centenarians in England was 

 34 for every 20,000, in a population of 12,2 1 8,500 

 in the year 1821, which would give 207 indi- 

 viduals then alive, who were 100 years old and up- 

 wards, or one for every 59,000. He also states, that 

 in Scotland when the population was 2,135,300, 

 the ratio of centenarians was 1-903 for every 

 20,000, which would give 203, or one for every 

 10,484. And he says that in 1811, according 

 to the bills of mortality in Russia, the whole 

 number of deaths was 828,561, of which 947 oc- 

 curred at the age of 100 and upwards, fifty-one 

 at 120, twenty-one at 125, seven at 130, one 

 at 135, and one at 140. But there is reason to 

 doubt the accuracy of this report ; for according to 

 Sir John Sinclair, the number of deaths through- 

 out the empire, at the age of 100 and upwards, 

 was only 436 in the year 1801. (Code of Health, 

 vol. i. p. 119.) 



The superiority of Great Britain over all other 

 parts of Europe, in health and longevity, would 

 appear from various considerations. Passing over 

 the account of Galour M'Crain of the island of 



