OF PROFESSIONS, ON LONGEVITY. 777 



health and long life, whether it be excessive heat 

 or cold, too much or too little nourishment, exces- 

 sive study, immoderate indulgence of the passions, 

 impure air, the depressing emotions, nauseous 

 drugs, or intemperance in the use of spirituous 

 liquors. 



From the researches of Dr. Madden, contained 

 in his work entitled " Infirmities of Genius," it 

 would appear, that notwithstanding excessive in- 

 tellectual exertion is a frequent cause of ill health 

 and premature death, the mean duration of life 

 among the learned and liberal professions, is 

 about 46 years, if we deduct 30 per cent, for the 

 mortality of infancy. For he found that by 

 taking twenty individuals belonging to each of 

 the professions devoted to science, literature, and 

 the arts, in different parts of Europe, the average 

 was as follows : 



Writers on Natural Philosophy 74*7 years. 



Moral Philosophy 70-8 



Artists 70-6 



Law and Jurisprudence .... 69*7 



Medicine 68*4 



Revealed Religion 67-7 



Philology 66-1 



Musical Composers 64-4 



Novelists 62-8 



Natural Theology 62-7 



Dramatists 62-4 



Poets 57-2 



Average 66*5 years. 



But according to the researches of Caspar, as 



