OF THE LOWER ANIMALS. 833 



respiration, notwithstanding the great activity of 

 that function during summer. 



It has been observed by Saizy and others, that 

 in the bat, dormouse, hedgehog, marmot, and 

 other warm blooded animals of the lower class, 

 respiration is diminished by a low temperature, by 

 which that of their own bodies is greatly reduced. 

 And that this is owing to the imperfect develope- 

 ment of their lungs, would appear from the fol- 

 lowing experiments of Saizy, who found that 

 when a marmot was surrounded by a freezing 

 mixture at 14, its temperature fell from 95 to 41; 

 and that of a bat from 93 to 57 in one hour, 

 when placed in air reduced to 33*80 ; but when 

 a guinea pig was submitted to the same expe- 

 riment as the last, it lost only 3. (Recherches 

 Experimentales sur la Physique des Animaux 

 Hybernans.) 



In accordance with the above facts, it has been 

 proved by the observations and experiments of 

 Pallas, Spallanzani, Hunter, Jenner, Reeve, 

 Prunelle, and others, that in the middle latitudes 

 of Europe, hybernating animals become frozen 

 at temperatures of 10, 14, and even 26 F., as ob- 

 served by Dr. Jenner, in the case of a hedgehog, 

 in the comparatively mild climate of England. 

 Spallanzani also states, that in the still milder 

 climate of Italy, life is so far diminished in the 

 bat and dormouse, that digestion, circulation, 

 secretion, and even irritability, appeared to have 



