THOMAS AND CALDWELL. 995 



the choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic tem- 

 peraments of the older physiologists.* It is true, 

 that, in one respect, the encephalic corresponds 

 with the choleric constitution ; for they are both 

 represented as characterized by great energy of 

 passion, sentiment, and intellect. But it is not 

 true, as maintained by Thomas and Caldwell, 

 that the encephalic temperament is generally 

 distinguished by a small or moderately sized 

 chest, and want of energy in the vital functions. 

 There are also many individuals who answer to 

 the melancholy and phlegmatic temperaments, 

 in whom all the principal or ruling organs are 

 imperfectly and yet so equally developed, that 

 they cannot be said to belong either to the ence- 

 phalic or abdominal divisions. It is therefore 

 manifest, that Thomas's classification does not 

 embrace all the diversities of constitution ; and 

 that there is still room for one that is more simple 

 and comprehensive. Moreover, if it be a fact 

 that all the organs are formed immediately from, 

 and vitalized by, the blood, it is manifestly an 



* Nor does it explain the manner in which temperament is 

 modified by age ; for it is certain that nearly all persons in 

 vigorous health, during youth and the meridian of life, are san- 

 guine and vigorous, that men are more so than women, but 

 that during old age they become weak and phlegmatic or melan- 

 cholic, even when the thorax is large, especially among such as 

 have been intemperate, or who have over exerted their intellectual 

 faculties, and spent the summer of their life in excesses of any 

 kind. 



