1000 THE INTELLECTUAL TEMPERAMENT. 



poets, philosophers, orators, statesmen, inventors 

 of arts, and heroes of the world, have been formed 

 after this beautiful and classical model, so far as 

 we can judge from portraits, busts, and the imper- 

 fect descriptions of historians and biographers. 

 Such was the physical character of Democritus, 

 Hippocrates, Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Zeno, 

 Alcibiades, Alexander, Julius Caesar, Brutus, 

 Cassius, Cicero, Seneca, and Virgil, among the 

 ancients, and of Galileo, Bacon, Shakspeare, 

 Luther, Melancthon, Petrarch, Tasso, Sully, 

 Richlieu, Cromwell, Milton, Newton, Franklin, 

 Washington, Mirabeau, Burns, Watt, Napoleon, 

 Wellington, and Byron, with many other modern 

 heroes, sages, and benefactors of mankind. 



The truth is, that General Washington, the 

 Duke of Wellington, and many other illustrious 

 men, have been even more remarkable for the 

 capacity of their chests, and for the absence of all 

 superfluous fat, than for the magnitude of their 

 heads. The same observation applies to Napoleon 

 when young : for although he had a fine classical 

 head, with a large forehead, it was less massive 

 than that of either Bacon or Franklin. And 

 if we can depend on the cast of him taken by 

 Dr. Antomarchi, soon after his death, his head 

 was very little above the average size among in- 

 tellectual men ; while in all the portraits of him 

 he is represented with a deep, round, and full 

 chest. Nor is the head of Lord Brougham much, 



