1010 INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE, MODE OF 



understanding in the fourth : finally, that men 

 belong to the choleric and phlegmatic tempera- 

 ments, in which the will and the understanding 

 predominate ; but women to the sanguine and 

 melancholic, in which sense and feeling predomi- 

 nate. (German Literature, vol. ii. p. 102.) But 

 the thorax, brain, muscles, and all the more im- 

 portant organs, are more highly developed in 

 temperate climates than in either the tropical or 

 polar latitudes, because respiration, sanguifica- 

 tion, secretion, nutrition, and all the forces of 

 life, are diminished by a high temperature ; and 

 because, in excessively cold climates, animal heat 

 is more rapidly abstracted by the surrounding 

 atmosphere than it is obtained by respiration. 

 From which it is obvious that the sanguine or 

 dynamic temperament, with all its complications, 

 whether athletic or intellectual, belongs empha- 

 tically to the middle latitudes ; while in the 

 tropical and polar regions, the adynamic consti- 

 tution, with all its various modifications, predo- 

 minates. 



The higher development of all the organs in 

 temperate climates, leads to a proportionally 

 greater exercise of them, by which their develop- 

 ment and power are still further augmented. 

 So far is it from being true, as suggested by 

 Menzel, that the sanguine temperament prevails 

 in the south, and the phlegmatic in Europe, that 

 the very reverse is the fact. And we have seen 



