STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES AND ANATOMICAL NOTES 23 



The number of molar teeth varies, but usually there are 

 one or two more on each side in the upper than in the 

 lower jaw ; in the true camel the foremost molar is 

 placed considerably in advance of his fellows, and is of 

 a conical form, closely resembling the true canine. By 

 the time he is eight years old, or certainly when nine, 

 he has his full complement of teeth. 



He is provided with a hard substance upon Callosities 

 certain parts of his frame, upon which he leans the 

 whole weight of his body when kneeling down, either 

 to rest or for the imposition of a load, or just prior to 

 rising up. Kneeling, I may here remark, is his natural 

 state of repose. The largest of these callosities is on 

 the chest a kind of boss, which rests always on the 

 ground, and which should be round and full. He 

 has also one on each elbow and knee, one on each hock, 

 and a little one as well on the outer side of each hock. 

 It seems doubtful whether they are natural or only arti- 

 ficially produced by long ages of servitude ; but I am of 

 opinion the former is the true state of the case, and 

 that newly-born young have traces which wear and 

 tear naturally harden and develop. 



The feet are large spongy pads, that are placed Feet 

 like a cushion underneath the toes, which are elongated 

 and tipped with small hoofs, terminating in short, 

 slightly curved nails. The camel treads flat on his 

 toes or on the cushioned pad that protects and 

 connects them together by extending on both sides, 

 the horny tips alone being free and separate ; which 

 though hard is springy and elastic, expanding by 

 pressure each time the foot is placed on the ground. 

 This is a decided advantage on soft sand or firm ground, 



