INSTINCT AND INTELLIGENCE 73 



But there are other lessons for us to learn which Necessity 



T n -IT -, of study- 



Only time can unveil, and science, tunnelling and ing do- 

 burrowing steadily and earnestly, will unearth. And 

 of this there can be no doubt. Apart from this, how- 

 ever, even with our imperfect knowledge, and inclined 

 as we are to look down on and treat animals as brute 

 beasts, there is much that we can learn from them 

 by studying and making ourselves intimately acquainted 

 with their habits and characteristics. And the more 

 we know of them, the less inclined we will be to class 

 certain specimens as mere brutes or beasts. It is by 

 virtue of our intellectual attainments, by our powers of 

 reason and moral discrimination more particularly, that 

 we altogether rise above them. And yet there are many 

 of these animals that have more intelligence in them 

 than we, in our deepest philosophy, have ever dreamt 

 of, confined as the majority of us are by the narrowest 

 of narrow-minded prejudices to a cramped and con- 

 tracted sphere, and blinded by our own vain egoism as 

 we have been an intelligence which only requires 

 the cultivation and education of closer associations and 

 stronger magnetism to improve and develop it. And 

 that all animals who have a sharp and well-defined 

 instinct are capable of this expansion is, I think, 

 tolerably clear to those who know them. 



'My object in this chapter' (iii. Part I. 'Descent Darwin' 



s 

 views on 



of Man '), says Darwin, 6 is to show that there is no the men- 

 fundamental difference between man and the higher ties of 

 mammals in their mental faculties.' And in the same 

 chapter, speaking of reason, he writes : ' Of all the 

 faculties of the human mind it will, I presume, be 

 admitted that Eeason stands at the summit. Only a 



