218 THE CAMEL 



away with, for, as a matter of fact, it adds little or 

 nothing to the steadiness of the saddle. 



(c) Head galls are caused by the iron jag and chain 

 belonging to the head-collar squeezing and cutting the 

 sides of the lower jaw, while rope head-collars bruise 

 and cut the bones of the nose. The treatment for galls 

 among the Bedawins of Egypt and the Soudan, though 

 barbarous, is no doubt effective. The sore is burnt 

 with a hot iron, and then rubbed over with camel's urine 

 or pigeon dung. It must on no account be exposed to 

 the sun, and washing it with water is not allowed, as 

 constant washing will bring on inflammation. 



One of the best treatments for all sores and galls is 

 to dress them with Dougal's or Cooper's sheep dip. 

 Every wound which is raw should be first of all 

 washed, cleansed, and dried before applying the 

 mixture with a paint brush. This must be done 

 morning and evening. To get it ready for application, 

 melt 1 Ib. in a quart of hot water, and wait until it 

 cools and partly solidifies. If the wounds are slight, 

 wash them morning and evening with a solution of half 

 an ounce of alum dissolved in one quart of water. 

 The great object is to keep off flies, so as so prevent 

 maggots, and keep the wound quite healthy, and so 

 hurry on the healing process. Kerosine or paraffin 

 oil, carbolic acid and tar were frequently used in 

 Afghanistan, and though rough and ready were most 

 effective. Turpentine is also an excellent thing. 

 Eating 2. JEating away of the nose is due to the fly-blows 



the nose deposited in the nostril, which turn into maggots that 

 eat into the flesh. It is also frequently aggravated by 

 a too constant recourse to the nose peg and cord, 



