AILMENTS, CAUSES AND EEMEDIES 229 



nature of scurvy in the human subject favours the 

 notion ; so may our camels have suffered similarly at 

 Suakim and up the Nile.' The conclusions that Y.-S. 

 Steel and Kettlewell have arrived at are the same that I 

 have formed after a long and varied experience. And I 

 am quite convinced that an overabundance of dry food 

 especially grain and chaff an insufficient supply of 

 water, and a long continued deprivation of green food 

 will induce scurvy in the camel as it will in other 

 animals, and on the same principles as it does in man. 



15. Diarrhoea was very common in all the ex- Diarrhoea 

 peditions I have been in. It frequently if not always 

 accompanied cold and debility, and resulted from 

 catarrh and exposure when in poor and weak condition. 



Too much grain, especially barley, often aggravated it, 

 acting on the already weakened digestive organs. It 

 is often brought on by excess in drinking very saline 

 water or of eating green fodder ; and excessive work, 

 overpacing especially, is often responsible for it. 



Two drachms of opium powder, mixed with two 

 quarts of rice jelly (made from boiled rice), should be 

 given morning and evening until the purging stops ; 

 and the animal should of course be warmly clad at 

 night, and during the day if cold. 



16. Dysentery, due to the same conditions as the Dysentery 

 above, but aggravated, also, from drinking bad or 

 swampy water. The excrement is slimy, sometimes 

 bloody, and the smell very strong ; urine highly coloured 



and little of it. The camel becomes very restless, 

 getting up and lying down all the time, and he is 

 terribly pulled down. Y.-S. Steel recommends a quart 

 of castor oil, to be repeated once or oftener according to 



