AILMENTS, CAUSES AND REMEDIES 235 



purely accidental. A good number were lost like this 

 in the Soudan. The only thing to do on service is to 

 shoot the poor creatures, and put them out of their pain. 

 In some cases the shoulder not only slipped, but got 

 broken. While on this topic I should like to say a few 

 words, as I have seen such cruel and unnecessary 

 bungling both in Afghanistan and Egypt over shooting 

 camels, as many as six revolver bullets in succession 

 emptied into the poor beast's head without having the 

 desired effect. One shot right behind the ear is suffi- 

 cient, and is the only place that will kill him. 



It will be seen by a careful perusal of the above 

 that, apart from saddle galls, which primarily incapa- 

 citated, but eventually (aided by neglect, exposure, and 

 starvation) killed a large percentage of camels in 

 Afghanistan and Egypt, dysentery, diarrhoea, debility 

 and pulmonary affections created great havoc amongst 

 them. It is very hard to say which of them created 

 most ; the latter did a vast deal of mischief, but my 

 experience was that general debility the predisposing 

 causes of which we have gone into, which were due to 

 want of proper supervision, and to the ignorance, 

 cruelty, and neglect of the hired drivers accounted for 

 most of all. I cannot conclude without quoting in ex- 

 tenso what V.-S. Steel says on post-mortem examinations : 

 'These revealed, in every case that came under my 

 notice, pulmonary disease in almost all its varieties at 

 Quetta, where the first were made ; acute congestion 

 and inflammation of the lungs were evidently the cause 

 of death, and such was the case in all instances during 

 the inclement weather on the way up to Candahar. 

 On the homeward journey, when the atmosphere was 



