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Base: the portion of a segment or selerite nearest the middle of the body; of the elytra, the 



cephalic portion; of the pronotum, the caudal portion; the portion of an appendage nearest 



the body, of the antennal club the proximal portion. 

 Beak: the rostrum, a prolongation of the head in front of the eyes bearing the mouth parts at 



the apex. 



Beetle-trees : trees which have been killed or are attacked by bark-beetles. 

 Bifid : deeply emarginate or split. 

 Bifurcate: forked. 



Bisinuate: with two sinuations or broad double curves. 

 Bristle: a short, stiff hair. 

 Brood: the progeny of a single pair of adults developing from the same lot of eggs. The same 



parent female of the first generation may deposit a second lot of eggs later in the season; 



the individuals developing therefrom will form a second brood of the first generation. 



Callosity: a broadly convex or flattened elevation. 



Callus: a small callosity. 



Capitate: applied to an antenna with the distal segments swollen to form a subglobular mass. 



Carina: a narrow ridge or keel. 



Caudad: the direction from the head towards the posterior end of the body along the median 



line. 



Caudal: pertaining to or towards the posterior end of the body. 



Cephalad: the direction from the posterior end towards the head along the median line. 

 Cephalic : pertaining to or towards the head. 



Chitin : a horny substance forming the hard portions of the insect's body. 

 Chitinized: hardened with chitin. 

 Cinereous: ash-gray in colour. 

 Clavate: club-shaped. 



Club : the distended apical segments of the antenna. 

 Compressed : flattened from side to side. 



Confusedly: irregularly; of punctures and pubescence, not in regular rows. 

 Connate: applied to segments which have fused into a more or less solid mass. 

 Constricted: suddenly narrowed and more or less dilated on each side the constriction. 

 Contiguous : touching when in the normal position. 

 Convergence: the development of similar characters in species of separate origin often through 



the effect of similar habits or environment. 

 Corneous: resembling horn. 



Crenulate: applied to a margin forming a waved line with small, regular, and rather deep curves. 

 Cusp: an acute prominence or tooth. 

 Concavity: a broad impression or excavation, larger than a fovea; e.g., the declivital concavity 



in the genus Ips, and the frontal concavity in the males of Trypodendron. 



Declivitous: sloping rather steeply downwards. 



Declivity: a steep slope; the usually steep caudal face of the elytra in ipid beetles; also the steep 



cephalic face of the pronotum in the Ipince and Micracince. 

 Declivous: sloping gradually downwards. 

 Dehiscent: split or separated along a suture. 

 Dense : applied to pubescence or punctures very thickly crowded, the margins of the punctures 



nearly contiguous. 

 Dentate: toothed. 

 Denticle: a small tooth. 



Depressed: flattened vertically, from above and below. 

 Disc : the central portion of any outer surface. 



Distal: applied to the portion of an appendage or segment farthest from the body. 

 Distad: the direction away from the body along the middle line o^an appen4age. 

 Dorsad: the direction from the venter towards the dorsum, on the meson, at right anglqp to the 



longitudinal axis. 



Dorsal: pertaining to the dorsum. 



Dorsum: the upper surface. 



Emarginate: with a notch cut from the margin. 



Emargination : a broad or narrow angular or rounded notch breaking the margin. 



Epistoma: the cephalic portion of the front of the head between the eyes and the mouth cavity 



or the base of the labrum when the latter is present. 

 Epistomal Lobe : a flat depressed lobe directed cephalad from the median portion of the epistomal 



margin. 

 Epistomal Margin: in ipid beetles, the dorsal margin of the mouth cavity, that is, the cephalic 



margin of the epistoma. 

 Epistomal Process: a flattened dorsal prominence with converging or parallel sides arising from 



the base of the epistoma with its apex reaching towards or to the epistomal margin. 



Face: the outer surface of any part. 

 Ferruginous: reddish brown. 



