CANE SUGAR. 



of a wire cable draws the plough to and fro across the field, each engine 

 working alternately ; the plough is equipped with a double set of plough shares 

 on opposite sides, so that one set is tilted in the air when the other is buried 

 in the ground. This type, which is shown in Fig. 31 (PLATE YIL), is used 

 extensively in the Hawaiian Islands. 



The Cultivator. A form of cultivator which has developed from the 

 shovel plough or horse hoe is shown in Fig. 32; this instrument, in cane 

 growing, is drawn by animal power between the rows of cane, breaking up the 

 soil and at the same time destroying the weeds. 



Disc Cultivator. The disc principle has also been applied to culti- 

 vators, a form of which is shown in Fig. 33 ; this instrument is arranged to 

 straddle the row, the discs being set so as to throw dirt on to the row. Such 

 an implement finds its most extended use in Louisiana. 



FIG. 32. 



Cultivators can only be used in young cane, and when the crop is so far 

 grown as to prevent their use it is said to be laid by. 



Harrows. The harrow was devised as a means of lightly covering 

 seed laid down after ploughing with turn ploughs; in cane cultivation it 

 is used after ploughing to reduce the soil to a fine tilth, to break up clods and 

 to level inequalities. Its use may be supplemented by the employment of 

 rollers. The disc principle has also been extended to harrows. 



Special Cane Implements. In Figs. 34, 35, and 36 are shown 

 the J3enicia-Horner No. 1. Ratoon and Cane Disc Plough, which has found an 

 extended use in the Hawaiian Islands ; it contains in detachable parts a double 

 mould-board plough, a revolving knife, right and left hand discs, and a subsoil 

 plough; it may be used as a furrower either for planting or for irrigation, for 

 bursting out middles, as a cultivator for throwing soil on to the cane row or 

 with the object of hilling up the latter, for trimming and subsoiling the sides 

 of the cane row, and slicing and cutting the ratoon row. 



106 



