CANE SUGAR. 



India where the Chinese cane (Saccharum sinense) is said to be so hard as to 

 resist their teeth. 



Liepidopterous PestS. The Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) 

 that may be classed as cane pests fall into two main divisions, those that cause 

 damage by the caterpillar eating the stalk, and those where the leaf is selected 

 as a food material ; in addition certain Hicrolepidoptera attack the cane, 

 principally at the eye. In the Hawaiian Islands these last are known as 

 'bud worms.' 



The stalk-eating caterpillars are known as 'borers';* they are of wide 

 distribution, and annually cause immense damage. Following on their mode 

 of attack they are classed as 'top,' 'stem,' and 'root' borers; in Figs. Ij.3 

 and ^4 are given after Kruger diagrams illustrative of the mode of attack 

 of a stem and of a top borer. 



FIG. 43. 



FIG. 44. 



Below is given a list of the known cane borers, included in the Lepidoptera. 



TOP BOBERS. 



Scirpophaga auriflua. The white borer of India. 



Sc. mono stigma. The black spotted borer of India. 



Sc. intacta. The white borer of Java. 



Sc. chrysorrhoea. India. 



Chilo infuscatellus. The yellow borer of Java. 



Grapholitha schistaceana. The grey borer of Java. 



* The term borer is also applied to several coleopterous (beetle) insects attacking the 

 cane, and mentioned subsequently. 



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