CANE SUGAR. 



whiclf in turn convey power to the spur wheel c 2 by the pinion 1 2 . The ratio 

 of gearing is 20 : 1, and with an engine revolution of 40 per minute gives a 

 peripheral speed to the rollers 30 inches in diameter of 15-7 feet per minute. 

 In the plan as arranged in Fig. 112, a much more compact train of gearing 

 results, and this is the form usually adopted in modern plants. As a modifica- 

 tion, the first motion gearing can equally well he connected to the pinion 

 between the first and second mills, and in the scheme in Fig. 113 the greater 

 distance between the two mills may be between second and third or first and 

 second, dependent on whether the mill at extreme right or left is considered to 

 be the first mill; in either case the distance between the two mills closer 

 together can be increased by increasing the size of the spur wheel without 

 altering the speed of the mill. 



FIG. 112. 



The purpose of the arrangement in Fig. 113 is to obtain a means of 

 complete maceration in baths between the mills, an object which cannot be 

 attained by the more compact system illustrated in Fig. 112. This question 

 is discussed at greater length further on. 



It is now the rule, in single motor driven plants, to so arrange the gearing 

 that there is an increase in speed from mill to mill ; in the Hawaiian Islands 

 it is customary to find peripheral speeds in the mill rollers of about 20, 23, 

 and 26 ft. per minute in the first, second, and third mills respectively ; 

 formerly much lower peripheral speeds were customary. 



The Trash Turner. The object of this appliance is to direct 

 and guide the partially crushed cane between the top and back rollers ; it 

 was invented by a Barbados planter called Bell, the operation having 

 previously been performed by negroes. The trash turner consists of two 

 parts, the trash bar and the trash plate ; the trash bar consists of a massive 

 iron or steel casting ; it may be of rectangular, pear or of I section ; in older 

 mills it is often found supported on openings in the headstoeks, as in Fig. 102. 

 In more recent patterns it is carried on chairs cast on the inner side of the 



182 



