CANE SUGAR. 



At the United States Government experiment station at Magnolia during 

 the season 1888-89 the following were the temperatures maintained : 

 Cell No. 1 2-7 8-10 11 12 



Temp. F. 140 158-176 203 185 160 



The temperature and densities in the different cells at Wonopringo, Java, are 



shown in the following table : 



Degree Sugar Tempera- 

 Cell. Density. Brix. Percent. Purity. ture C. 

 Normal juice 1-067 .. 16-4 .. 14'55 .. 87'50 .. 



1 1-054 .. 13-4 .. 11-66 .. 87-01 .. 69 



2 1-036 .. 9-0 .. 7'53 .. 83-66 .. 77 



3 1-028 .. 7-1 .. 5-95 .. 83'80 .. 92 



4 1-023 .. 5-8 .. 4'64 .. SO'OO .. 91 



5 1-019 .. 4-9 .. 3-88 .. 79-18 .. 89 



6 1-015 .. 3-9 .. 3-09 .. 79-23 .. 88 



7 1-013 .. 3-4 .. 2-67 .. 7S'52 .. 87'5 



8 1-010 .. 2-6 .. 1-98 .. 76-15 .. 88 



9 1-007 . 1-9 1*42 .. 74-73 .. 87 



10 1-005 .. 1-4 .. 1-02 .. 72-85 .. 90 



11 1-004 .. 1-1 .. -85 .. 77-27 .. 92 



12 ... 1-0015 .. -4 .. -29 .. 72-50 .. 92 



13 1-0003 .. -15 .. -06 .. 40-00 .. 91 



It is in the cells last in series i.e., those containing the fresher chips 



that the temperature should be highest; the higher the temperature the better 

 the diffusion, and by maintaining a high temperature in the last cells, these are 

 made to do as much work as possible. 



Influence Of Number Of Cells. 3 As the number of cells in a 

 battery increases, so also does the extraction, the amount of water used 

 remaining the same ; simultaneously the dilution decreases. Thus with mill 

 juice of 19 Brix in a 10-cell circuit the juice drawn off was of 13'1 Brix, but 

 with a 16-cell circuit it was of 16-0 Brix. These figures were obtained in an 

 experimental trial in Java in 1885. An insufficient number of cells seems to 

 have been a weak point in the design of several of the Naudet outfits (v. 

 infra). 



Difference between Mill and Diffusion Juice. Diffusion 

 juice is invariably purer than the juice extracted by milling. In milling, the 

 joints of the cane and the fibro-vascular bundles are ruptured and afford a juice 

 much less pure than that given by the pith cells. In diffusion the gummy 

 matters diffuse less quickly than the sugars, and owing to the high temperature 

 a portion of the albuminoids is coagulated within the cell, and does not pass 

 into subsequent processes. This point is illustrated by the following analyses 



from a Cuban factory working mills and diffusers simultaneously : 



Krajewski First Second 



Breaker. Mill. Mill. Diffusion. 



Density 1-088 .. 1-080 .. 1'078 .. 1-062 



Sugar, Volume per cent. 20'43 .. 18'62 .. 17'80 .. 14-83 



Glucose ,, -34 . . '33 . . -33 . . -28 



Non-sugar 2-01 .. 2-25 .. 2-54 .. 1-32 



Purity 89-7 . . 87'8 . . 86-5 . . 90-3 



234 



