CANE SUGAR. 



Edson 23 experimenting at Calument, Louisiana, found juices treated by 

 the Deming process to filter more rapidly than others. 



Temperature of Clarification. 

 215 F. 230 F. 246 F. 260 F. 



Filtration started at . . 3 '45 . . 3 '45 . . 3-45 . . 3 45 

 Juice freed from mud at 4-15 . . 4'05 . . 3-56 . . 3-56 

 Time of filtration . . . . 30 min. . . 20 min. . . 11 min. . . 11 min. 



Using juice heated to ) 



260 F. as a unit, the 2'75 .. 1-82 .. I'OO .. 1-00 

 time of filtration was ) 



The process was also subjected to a trial by Geerligs 24 , in Java, the 

 factory in question working alternately the Deming and the older process. 

 The analyses of the juice show no difference, but the analyses of the molasses 

 indicate that more gums were precipitated by the Deming process. 



Ash. Lime. Gum. Silica. 



Molasses, Cheribon cane, Defecation 4-67 .,. 0-207 .. 0-808 .. 1-28 



,, ,, Deming.. 4-59 ..0'245 ,.' 0-720 .. 1'09 



,, Muntok ,, Defecation 4'50 .. 0'370 .. 0-636 .. 1'32 



,, Deming.. 4-55 .. 0'331 .. 0'604 .. 1-24 



Geerligs remarks that "from a chemical point of view Deming' s superheat 

 clarification stands in no respect behind the usual defecation process, whilst its 

 mechanical advantages are many." 



Increase in Purity. The increase in purity due to the action of 

 lime varies with the nature of the bodies in the juice ; thus with unripe cane 

 much of the nitrogen is present as amide and is not precipitated, whereas in 

 mature cane the nitrogen appears chiefly as albumenoids and is precipitated. 

 Similarly a greater or less quantity of phosphates in the juice will affect the 

 increase in purity ; the figures from the Mutual Control of Java Factories show 

 an increase of from 1*5 to 1 '9 units where the purity is about 85 ; a similar 

 increase is usual with the purer juices of the Hawaiian Islands and the figures 

 given by Browne 25 as typical of Louisiana indicate a similar increase. In 

 addition to the increase in purity due to the action of lime and heat, a further 

 increase follows due to the precipitation of bodies as scale on evaporation ; this 

 increase may amount to as much as a unit between the clarified juice and the 

 syrup. 



Abnormal Purities. Geerligs 26 in particular has described instances 

 of juices showing a very high purity which fell to normal figures in the syrup ; 

 he failed to obtain indications of any bodies precipitable by lime to which 

 the phenomenon could be ascribed and was inclined to think it due to presence 

 of alcohol formed in fungus-attacked canes. Pellet 27 , however, thinks 

 imprisoned air a more likely cause ; either of these bodies would give a 

 fictitiously low degree of Brix and would disappear in the evaporation. 



260 



